{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T01:14:23Z","timestamp":1774055663189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brazilian Agency\u2014S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2019\/09488-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/09488-2"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["CEEC-INST\/00026\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEEC-INST\/00026\/2018"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["2024.03012.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.03012.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UID\/50006\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006\/2025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020794","name":"iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020794","name":"iBiMED","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDP\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Testicular dysfunction is a side effect of radiotherapy due to off-target damage. Germ cells are highly vulnerable. Although Sertoli and Leydig cells are more resistant, they are still affected, impairing spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. With rising youth cancer rates, strategies to preserve fertility are crucial. Losartan (LOS) has potential to mitigate this damage. This work aimed to determine acute and late effects of radiotherapy in testicular metabolism and if LOS mitigates those effects. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 47, 12 weeks old) received 2.5 Gy of ionizing radiation to the scrotum (1.05 Gy\/min). LOS-treated rats received 34 mg\/kg twice daily before, during and after irradiation. Animals were euthanized at 2 and 60 days post-exposure, to represent acute and late effects, respectively. Reproductive organs were weighed, serum hormones assessed (ELISA), testicular mRNA expression quantified (qPCR) and oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and protein nitration measured (slot-blot). Metabolomic profiles were obtained via 1H-NMR. Results: Acute irradiation reduced seminal vesicle weight, increased FSH, and decreased sperm concentration. Late effects included reduced testicular and epididymal weight, impaired sperm quality, increased protein carbonylation, and altered metabolic profiles. LOS mitigated acute weight loss but not sperm decline. Long-term, LOS improved sperm quality, reduced oxidative stress, and promoted adaptive metabolic responses. Conclusions: Irradiation-based cancer therapy causes structural and functional testicular damage and changes the testicular metabolome of rats, while LOS has the potential to be used as a radioprotector to mitigate the adverse acute and late effects of radiation on male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19010076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T17:24:58Z","timestamp":1767201898000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Losartan Protects Against Radiation-Induced Testicular Damage by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Testosterone Levels, and Metabolic Profile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9843-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Spadella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Embryology Laboratory, Mar\u00edlia Medical School, Marilia 17519-030, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9130-5809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00faben J.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Science (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3813-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia C.","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ITR\u2014Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnaldo B.","family":"Chies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Mar\u00edlia Medical School, Marilia 17519-030, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4989-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7635-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco G.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Science (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2013.06.007","article-title":"Biological consequences of radiation-induced DNA damage: Relevance to radiotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Lomax","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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