{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T23:40:47Z","timestamp":1771630847887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005856","name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008382","name":"Fundo Regional para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRANSCAN\/0001\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRANSCAN\/0001\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portuguese Cancer League","award":["TRANSCAN\/0001\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRANSCAN\/0001\/2012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colloidal gold nanoparticles are targeting probes to improve varlitinib delivery into cancer cells. The nanoconjugates were designed by the bioconjugation of pegylated gold nanoparticles with varlitinib via carbodiimide-mediated cross-linking and characterized by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The drug release response shows an initial delay and a complete drug release after 72 h is detected. In vitro experiments with MIA PaCa-2 cells corroborate that PEGAuNPsVarl conjugates increase the varlitinib toxic effect at very low concentrations (IC50 = 80 nM) if compared with varlitinib alone (IC50 = 259 nM). Our results acknowledge a decrease of drug side effects in normal cells and an enhancement of drug efficacy against to the pancreatic cancer cells reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T06:39:59Z","timestamp":1531377599000},"page":"91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Gold Nanoparticles for Targeting Varlitinib to Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia Castro","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Pires","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel A. N.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3603","article-title":"Abstract #3603: ARRY-334543 in ErbB2 positive metastatic breast cancer and other ErbB expressing-cancers: Experience from expansion cohorts on a phase I study","volume":"69","author":"Ellard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24787","article-title":"ARRY-334543 reverses multidrug resistance by antagonizing the activity of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. 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