{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T15:20:03Z","timestamp":1776612003294,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/118721\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/118721\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNPQ 150964\/2017-0)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPQ 150964\/2017-0)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An amphiphilic derivative of chitosan containing quaternary ammonium and myristoyl groups, herein named as ammonium myristoyl chitosan (DMCat), was synthesized by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and myristoyl chitosan (DMCh). The success of the modification was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The average degrees of alkylation and quaternization (      D Q  \u00af     ) were determined by using 1H NMR and conductometric titration. The zeta potential of the micelles was higher than 28 mV while its average size and encapsulation efficiency ranged from 280 nm to 375 nm and 68% to 100%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the unloaded and curcumin (CUR)-loaded micelles was tested against Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal epithelial cell lines. The results showed no cytotoxic effect from loaded and unloaded micelles as compared to free CUR. In the permeability test, it was observed that both types of micelles, i.e., DMCh and DMCat, improved CUR permeability. Additionally, higher permeability was verified for both systems in Caco-2\/HT29-MTX:Raji B because of the mucoadhesive character of chitosan and its ability to open tight junctions. The results indicated that DMCat micelles, due to the physico-chemical, improved characteristics may be a promising carrier to encapsulate CUR aiming cancer therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10040245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T11:23:27Z","timestamp":1542799407000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["N-(2-Hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium, O-Mysristoyl Chitosan Enhances the Solubility and Intestinal Permeability of Anticancer Curcumin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daniella S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, Araraquara 4800-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"M. dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU\u2014Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Marchiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, Araraquara 4800-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio P.","family":"Campana-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo\u2014USP, Av. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Sidney J. L.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2014UNESP, Araraquara 4800-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5763-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU\u2014Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.06.004","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles: A study on the preparation variables and characterization methods","volume":"80","author":"Crucho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. 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