{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:46:22Z","timestamp":1774928782857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005765","name":"Universidade de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["REITORIA\/BD\/FF01\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REITORIA\/BD\/FF01\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), a fruit rich in phenolic compounds (PCs), has been considered effective in mitigating oxidative damage induced by an excess of reactive oxygen species. Due to large molecular weight and intrinsic instability in some physiological fluids, PCs\u2019 passage through biological membranes is very limited. Carriers like phytosomes are promising systems to optimize oral absorption of encapsulated extracts. This work prepared and fully characterized phytosomes containing bioactive phenolic extracts from persimmon in terms of size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and stability over six months. These phytosomes were orally dosed to Wistar rats during a 15-day period. Afterwards, haematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Monodisperse phytosomes were successfully prepared, with size less than 300nm (PI &lt; 0.3) and high encapsulation efficiency (97.4%) of PCs. In contrast to free extract, extract-loaded phytosomes had higher antioxidant activity after 6 months storage. Oral administration of extract-loaded phytosomes and free extract did not lead to lipidic profile changes and were within referenced normal ranges, as well as glycaemia levels and urine parameters. The results highlighted the potential of persimmon PCs as food supplements or pharmacological tools, suggesting a promising and safe phytosomal formulation containing bioactive agents of persimmon that could lead to health benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11060296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T02:37:40Z","timestamp":1561343860000},"page":"296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Phytosomes with Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) Extract: Preparation and Preliminary Demonstration of In Vivo Tolerability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4143-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Direito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1046-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3814-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcal\u00e1, Ctra. Universidad Complutense, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia de Biomassa, Mechanical Engineering and Resource Sustainability Centre, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, UNL, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Sanches-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Vair\u00e3o, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, 4099-002 Oporto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"JCS, Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, 1495-068 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2761-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Sepodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ros\u00e1rio Bronze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"ITQB, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"IBET, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta-do-Marqu\u00eas, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Agron\u00f3mica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Eduardo Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1021\/np200906s","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010","volume":"75","author":"Newman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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