{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:01:07Z","timestamp":1774476067287,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The preparation and characterization of ionic liquids and organic salts (OSILs) that contain anionic penicillin G [secoPen] and amoxicillin [seco-Amx] hydrolysate derivatives and their in vitro antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains is reported. Eleven hydrolyzed \u03b2-lactam-OSILs were obtained after precipitation in moderate-to-high yields via the neutralization of the basic ammonia buffer of antibiotics with different cation hydroxide salts. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data of the prepared compounds showed a relative decrease of the inhibitory concentrations (RDIC) in the order of 100 in the case of [C2OHMIM][seco-Pen] against sensitive S. aureus ATCC25923 and, most strikingly, higher than 1000 with [C16Pyr][seco-Amx] against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. These outstanding in vitro results showcase that a straightforward transformation of standard antibiotics into hydrolyzed organic salts can dramatically change the pharmaceutical activity of a drug, including giving rise to potent formulations of antibiotics against deadly bacteria strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12030221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T03:24:20Z","timestamp":1583292260000},"page":"221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Ionic Liquids and Organic Salts Based on Penicillin G and Amoxicillin hydrolysate Derivatives against Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1761-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas e das Biomol\u00e9culas (CQB) e Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4400-330 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-089X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1rio","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas e das Biomol\u00e9culas (CQB) e Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4400-330 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vitorino","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas e das Biomol\u00e9culas (CQB) e Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4400-330 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Prud\u00eancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas e das Biomol\u00e9culas (CQB) e Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4400-330 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S, Instituto de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017deljko","family":"Petrovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds C.","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2011.03.001","article-title":"Emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant organisms: Think globally and act locally","volume":"44","author":"Tseng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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