{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T05:49:50Z","timestamp":1778651390773,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ2017-86655-R and BIO2017-84246-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2017-86655-R and BIO2017-84246-C2-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Salud, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["OH-0026-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OH-0026-2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020 and UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020 and UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we report the synthesis of gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Fe@Au NPs). The as-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited good stability in aqueous media and excellent features as contrast agents (CA) for both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT). Additionally, due to the presence of the local surface plasmon resonances of gold, the NPs showed exploitable \u201clight-to-heat\u201d conversion ability in the near-infrared (NIR) region, a key attribute for effective photothermal therapies (PTT). In vitro experiments revealed biocompatibility as well as excellent efficiency in killing glioblastoma cells via PTT. The in vivo nontoxicity of the NPs was demonstrated using zebrafish embryos as an intermediate step between cells and rodent models. To warrant that an effective therapeutic dose was achieved inside the tumor, both intratumoral and intravenous routes were screened in rodent models by MRI and CT. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution confirmed the multimodal imaging CA capabilities of the Fe@AuNPs and revealed constraints of the intravenous route for tumor targeting, dictating intratumoral administration for therapeutic applications. Finally, Fe@Au NPs were successfully used for an in vivo proof of concept of imaging-guided focused PTT against glioblastoma multiforme in a mouse model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13030416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T23:47:41Z","timestamp":1616370461000},"page":"416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Fe3O4-Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles as a Multimodal Platform for In Vivo Imaging and Focused Photothermal Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4758-3816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Caro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BIONAND\u2014Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnolog\u00eda (Junta de Andaluc\u00eda-Universidad de M\u00e1laga), C\/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"G\u00e1mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica F\u00edsica, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S\/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Quaresma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jose Mar\u00eda","family":"P\u00e1ez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIONAND\u2014Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnolog\u00eda (Junta de Andaluc\u00eda-Universidad de M\u00e1laga), C\/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1419-0058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIONAND\u2014Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnolog\u00eda (Junta de Andaluc\u00eda-Universidad de M\u00e1laga), C\/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIONAND\u2014Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnolog\u00eda (Junta de Andaluc\u00eda-Universidad de M\u00e1laga), C\/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8160-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Pern\u00eda Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica y Farmac\u00e9utica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2599-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, Virgen de \u00c1frica 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0970-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilian","family":"Fernandez-Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag\u00f3n (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-8482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas M.","family":"De la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Arag\u00f3n (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials &amp;Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2086-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eul\u00e1lia","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2257-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIONAND\u2014Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnolog\u00eda (Junta de Andaluc\u00eda-Universidad 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