{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:25:21Z","timestamp":1762608321721,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/10324-6 ; 2016\/00468-0 ; 2018\/04080-2 ; 2018\/24077-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/10324-6 ; 2016\/00468-0 ; 2018\/04080-2 ; 2018\/24077-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HC-FMUSP","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit-UCIBIO \/ FCT\/MCTES","award":["UID\/Multi\/04378\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04378\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ursolic acid, a triterpene produced by plants, displayed leishmanicidal activity in vitro and in vivo; however, the low solubility of this triterpene limits its efficacy. To increase the activity of ursolic acid (UA), this triterpene was entrapped in nanostructured lipid carriers (UA-NLC), physical-chemical parameters were estimated, the toxicity was assayed in healthy golden hamsters, and the efficacy of UA-NLC was studied in experimental visceral leishmanisis. UA-NLC exhibited a spherical shape with a smooth surface with a size of 266 nm. UA-NLC displayed low polydispersity (PDI = 0.18) and good colloidal stability (\u221229.26 mV). Hamsters treated with UA-NLC did not present morphological changes in visceral organs, and the levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine were normal. Animals infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and treated with UA-NLC showed lower parasitism than the infected controls, animals treated with UA or Amphotericin B (AmB). The therapeutic activity of UA-NLC was associated with the increase in a protective immune response, and it was associated with a high degree of spleen and liver preservation, and the normalization of hepatic and renal functions. These data indicate that the use of lipid nanoparticles as UA carriers can be an interesting strategy for the treatment of leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13060908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,20]],"date-time":"2021-06-20T21:50:15Z","timestamp":1624225815000},"page":"908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Preclinical Assessment of Ursolic Acid Loaded into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Adriana","family":"Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia e Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (LIM50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ilza Maria Oliveira","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas, 13083-871 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Thays Nicolli Fragoso","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia e Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (LIM50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Aurea Favero","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia e Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (LIM50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia Dalastra","family":"Laurenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia e Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (LIM50), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Antonangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. En\u00e9as Carvalho de Aguiar, 155-Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, 05403-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica (LIM03), Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5272-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Silv\u00e9rio","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Patologia Cl\u00ednica, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Dr. En\u00e9as Carvalho de Aguiar, 155-Cerqueira C\u00e9sar, 05403-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Cardoso","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Domingos","family":"de Carvalho Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Felipe Domingues","family":"Passero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Pra\u00e7a Infante Dom Henrique, s\/n, S\u00e3o Vicente, 11330-900 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Jo\u00e3o Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, S\u00e3o Vicente, 11350-011 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO Expert Committee on the Control of the Leishmaniases & World Health Organization (2021, May 21). 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