{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:41:04Z","timestamp":1777653664784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This research was funded by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT\/MCT) and European Funds (PRODER\/COMPETE), under the project reference UIDB\/04469\/2020 (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020","award":["UIDB\/04469\/2020 (strategic fund)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04469\/2020 (strategic fund)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanoencapsulation via spray cooling (also known as spray chilling and spray congealing) has been used with the aim to improve the functionality, solubility, and protection of drugs; as well as to reduce hygroscopicity; to modify taste and odor to enable oral administration; and many times to achieve a controlled release profile. It is a relatively simple technology, it does not require the use of low-cost solvents (mostly associated to toxicological risk), and it can be applied for lipid raw materials as excipients of oral pharmaceutical formulations. The objective of this work was to revise and discuss the advances of spray cooling technology, with a greater emphasis on the development of lipid micro\/nanoparticles to the load of active pharmaceutical ingredients for oral administration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T21:44:32Z","timestamp":1627854272000},"page":"1186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Encapsulation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Lipid Micro\/Nanoparticles for Oral Administration by Spray-Cooling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carmen S.","family":"Favaro-Trindade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias, 225, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13625-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0894-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando E.","family":"de Matos Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias, 225, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13625-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0767-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula K.","family":"Okuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias, 225, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga 13625-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Dias-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Zieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszy\u0144ska 32, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana B.","family":"Souto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucengdes.2021.111101","article-title":"Multi-nozzle spray cooling of a reactor pressure vessel steel plate for the application of ex-vessel cooling","volume":"375","author":"Bandaru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucl. 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