{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:19:19Z","timestamp":1767925159813,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/326512017; UID\/Multi\/04546\/2019; UIDP\/04423\/2020; UID\/FIS\/04650\/2019; UIDB\/04469\/2020; CEECIND\/00526\/2018; CTTI-150\/18-CF (1)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/326512017; UID\/Multi\/04546\/2019; UIDP\/04423\/2020; UID\/FIS\/04650\/2019; UIDB\/04469\/2020; CEECIND\/00526\/2018; CTTI-150\/18-CF (1)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011776","name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia do Porto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011776","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resveratrol (RSV) and omega 3 (\u03c93), because of their biological favorable properties, have become subjects of interest for researchers in dermocosmetic and pharmaceutical industries; however, these bioactives present technological limitations that hinder their effective delivery to the target skin layer. To overcome the stability and skin permeation limitations of free bioactives, this work proposes a combined strategy involving two different lipid nanosystems (liposomes and lipid nanoparticles) that include \u03c93 in their lipid matrix. Additionaly, RSV is only encapsulated in liposomes that provid an adequate amphiphilic environment. Each formulation is thoroughly characterized regarding their physical\u2013chemical properties. Subsequently, the therapeutic performance of the lipid nanosystems is evaluated based on their protective roles against lipid peroxidation, as well as inhibition of cicloxygenase (COX) and nitric oxid (NO) production in the RWA264.7 cell line. Finally, the lipid nanosystems are incorporated in hydrogel to allow their topical administration, then rheology, occlusion, and RSV release\u2013diffusion assays are performed. Lipid nanoparticles provide occlusive effects at the skin surface. Liposomes provide sustained RSV release and their flexibility conferred by edge activator components enhances RSV diffusion, which is required to reach NO production cells and COX cell membrane enzymes. Overall, the inclusion of both lipid nanosystems in the same semisolid base constitutes a promising strategy for autoimmune, inflammatory, and cancerous skin diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T21:45:06Z","timestamp":1628113506000},"page":"1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Omega-3- and Resveratrol-Loaded Lipid Nanosystems for Potential Use as Topical Formulations in Autoimmune, Inflammatory, and Cancerous Skin Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Caldas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CF-UM-UP, Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de F\u00edsica da Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7270-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Catita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment, and Health Research Unit\/Biomedical Research Center (FP-ENAS\/CEBIMED), Portugal and Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Paralab, SA, 4420-392 Valbom, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9477-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBMA, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"IB-S (Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-5564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB, Centro de Engenharia Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment, and Health Research Unit\/Biomedical Research Center (FP-ENAS\/CEBIMED), Portugal and Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centre for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Associated Laboratory, Higher School of Biotechnology, Portuguese Catholic University, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment, and Health Research Unit\/Biomedical Research Center (FP-ENAS\/CEBIMED), Portugal and Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)\/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2593-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"L\u00facio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CF-UM-UP, Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de F\u00edsica da Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CBMA, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5080-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FP-I3ID, Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment, and Health Research Unit\/Biomedical Research Center (FP-ENAS\/CEBIMED), Portugal and Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2014.12.003","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of nanomedicine in autoimmune diseases: From immunosuppression to tolerance induction","volume":"11","author":"Gharagozloo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomed. 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