{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:44:28Z","timestamp":1774615468466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147027\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147027\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01921\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01921\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prevention of orthopedic implant-related infections is a major medical challenge, particularly due to the involvement of biofilm-encased and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Current therapies, based on antibiotic administration, have proven to be insufficient, and infection prevalence may rise due to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as promising substitutes of conventional antibiotics, owing to their broad-spectrum of activity, high efficacy at very low concentrations, and, importantly, low propensity for inducing resistance. The aim of this review is to offer an updated perspective of the development of AMPs-based preventive strategies for orthopedic and dental implant-related infections. In this regard, two major research strategies are herein addressed, namely (i) AMP-releasing systems from titanium-modified surfaces and from bone cements or beads; and (ii) AMP immobilization strategies used to graft AMPs onto titanium or other model surfaces with potential translation as coatings. In overview, releasing strategies have evolved to guarantee higher loadings, prolonged and targeted delivery periods upon infection. In addition, avant-garde self-assembling strategies or polymer brushes allowed higher immobilized peptide surface densities, overcoming bioavailability issues. Future research efforts should focus on the regulatory demands for pre-clinical and clinical validation towards clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T08:10:22Z","timestamp":1636704622000},"page":"1918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Antimicrobial Peptides in the Battle against Orthopedic Implant-Related Infections: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2409-5847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2013Instituto de Investigac\u0327\u00e3o e Inovac\u0327\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2013Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FEUP\u2013Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-de-Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6018-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula A. C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIQ-UP e Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Cristina","family":"L. Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2013Instituto de Investigac\u0327\u00e3o e Inovac\u0327\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2013Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2013Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fab\u00edola","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2013Instituto de Investigac\u0327\u00e3o e Inovac\u0327\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2013Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.01.074","article-title":"The future of biologic coatings for orthopaedic implants","volume":"34","author":"Goodman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01141","article-title":"Prevalence of Total Hip and Knee Replacement in the United States","volume":"97","author":"Kremers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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