{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T01:17:21Z","timestamp":1776734241336,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/135264\/2017; UID\/DTP\/04138\/2020; UIDP\/04138\/2020; UIDP\/04378\/2020; UIDB\/04378\/2020; LA\/P\/0140\/2020; UIDB\/50006\/2020; UIDB\/00100\/2020;  POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/135264\/2017; UID\/DTP\/04138\/2020; UIDP\/04138\/2020; UIDP\/04378\/2020; UIDB\/04378\/2020; LA\/P\/0140\/2020; UIDB\/50006\/2020; UIDB\/00100\/2020;  POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011748","name":"Phospholipid Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LCO-2017-052\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCO-2017-052\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication caused by inflammation and oxidative stress resulting from liver surgery. Current therapeutic strategies do not present the desirable efficacy, and severe side effects can occur. To overcome these drawbacks, new therapeutic alternatives are necessary. Drug delivery nanosystems have been explored due to their capacity to improve the therapeutic index of conventional drugs. Within nanocarriers, liposomes are one of the most successful, with several formulations currently in the market. As improved therapeutic outcomes have been demonstrated by using liposomes as drug carriers, this nanosystem was used to deliver quercetin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, in hepatic IRI treatment. In the present work, a stable quercetin liposomal formulation was developed and characterized. Additionally, an in vitro model of ischemia and reperfusion was developed with a hypoxia chamber, where the anti-inflammatory potential of liposomal quercetin was evaluated, revealing the downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers. The anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin liposomes was also assessed in vivo in a rat model of hepatic IRI, in which a decrease in inflammation markers and enhanced recovery were observed. These results demonstrate that quercetin liposomes may provide a significant tool for addressing the current bottlenecks in hepatic IRI treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T20:21:56Z","timestamp":1641759716000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Quercetin Liposomal Nanoformulation for Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5724-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Ferreira-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa\u2013Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Campus da Caparica, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2013Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Campus da Caparica, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE\u2013Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Faria-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa\u2013Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6028-4717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela C.","family":"Carvalheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa\u2013Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa\u2013Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4625-2516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. Susana","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQB\u2013Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, DQB\u2013Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Marcelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria 130, Nova Medical School, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Celeste","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANATOMIK\u2013Laborat\u00f3rio de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica, Grupo Clara Sa\u00fade, Rua Gago Coutinho e Sacadura Cabral, 136\u2013138, 2955-190 Palmela, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Josbert M.","family":"Metselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE\u2013Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5255-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro V.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Campus da Caparica, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2013Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Campus da Caparica, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2054-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Campus da Caparica, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2013Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Campus da Caparica, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lu\u00edsa","family":"Corvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa\u2013Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Av. 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