{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:00:49Z","timestamp":1777417249710,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences\u2014UCIBIO","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy\u2014i4HB","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Group of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry-CIIMAR","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"PTDC\/SAU-PUB\/28736\/2017","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"the structured program of R&amp;D&amp;I ATLANTIDA-Platform for the monitoring of the North Atlantic Ocean and tools for the sustainable exploitation of the marine resources","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01\u20130145-FEDER-028736"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0853\/2021"]}]},{"name":"the North Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020)","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000040"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) share common molecular\/cellular mechanisms that contribute to their progression and pathogenesis. In this sense, we are here proposing new neuroprotection strategies by using marine-derived compounds as fiscalins. This work aims to evaluate the protective effects of fiscalin derivatives towards 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)- and iron (III)-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, an in vitro disease model to study ND; and on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transport activity, an efflux pump of drugs and neurotoxins. SH-SY5Y cells were simultaneously exposed to MPP+ or iron (III), and noncytotoxic concentrations of 18 fiscalin derivatives (0\u201325 \u03bcM), being the cytotoxic effect of both MPP+ and iron (III) evaluated 24 and 48 h after exposure. Fiscalins 1a and 1b showed a significant protective effect against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity and fiscalins 1b, 2b, 4 and 5 showed a protective effect against iron (III)-induced cytotoxicity. Fiscalins 4 and 5 caused a significant P-gp inhibition, while fiscalins 1c, 2a, 2b, 6 and 11 caused a modest increase in P-gp transport activity, thus suggesting a promising source of new P-gp inhibitors and activators, respectively. The obtained results highlight fiscalins with promising neuroprotective effects and with relevance for the synthesis of new derivatives for the treatment\/prevention of ND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T23:02:01Z","timestamp":1657666921000},"page":"1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fiscalin Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1317-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-0197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3142-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solida","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Russian Confederation Blvd., Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1382-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Remi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5397-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Em\u00edlia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9962-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Requimte, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00328","article-title":"In vitro Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Slanzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angeloni, C., and Vauzour, D. (2019). Natural Products and Neuroprotection. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225570"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sales, T.A., Prandi, I.G., Castro, A.A., Leal, D.H.S., Cunha, E.F.F., Kuca, K., and Ramalho, T.C. (2019). Recent Developments in Metal-Based Drugs and Chelating Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatments. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081829"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01148-5","article-title":"Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives of Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review","volume":"37","author":"Rekatsina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6565396","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6565396","article-title":"Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"2020","author":"Sairazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.03.019","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor group II and III activators against MPP (+)-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: The impact of cell differentiation state","volume":"83","author":"Jantas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.03.010","article-title":"Protection against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by tormentic acid via the activation of PI3-K\/Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 pathway","volume":"97","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0219-x","article-title":"Pinocembrin protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033178","article-title":"Terminally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells provide a model system for studying neuroprotective effects of dopamine agonists","volume":"5","author":"Presgraves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0149-0","article-title":"The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson\u2019s disease research: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Xicoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2428","article-title":"Experimental models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease for deciphering the pathogenesis and therapeutic screening (Review)","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15030","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"155","author":"Fontana","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13618","article-title":"Cellular models for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"139","author":"Falkenburger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dmm038042","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.038042","article-title":"Recapitulating Parkinson\u2019s disease pathology in a three-dimensional human neural cell culture model","volume":"12","author":"Duce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, M., Silva, R., Pinto, M.M.M., and Sousa, E. (2020). Marine Natural Products, Multitarget Therapy and Repurposed Agents in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13090242"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.12.002","article-title":"Iron mediated toxicity and programmed cell death: A review and a re-examination of existing paradigms","volume":"1864","author":"Eid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05332.x","article-title":"Neuroprotective actions of deferiprone in cultured cortical neurones and SHSY-5Y cells","volume":"105","author":"Gaeta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720658","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/720658","article-title":"Iron and Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity","volume":"2011","author":"Salvador","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012","article-title":"Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"155","author":"Zucca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9319-7","article-title":"Dissecting the Contribution of Vascular Alterations and Aging to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"53","author":"Janota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.135","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier dysfunction as a cause and consequence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Erickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107554","article-title":"Dysfunction of ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier: Role in neurological disorders","volume":"213","author":"Barbosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.07.007","article-title":"The Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"107","author":"Zenaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X14666151120123025","article-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Treatments and Alternative Therapies of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-3-247","article-title":"Drug treatments in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Briggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maher, P. (2019). The Potential of Flavonoids for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123056"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NP00043C","article-title":"Chemistry of the fumiquinazolines and structurally related alkaloids","volume":"36","author":"Resende","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.46.545","article-title":"Fiscalins. New substance p inhibitors produced by the fungus Neosartorya fischeri. Taxonomy, fermentation, structures, and biological properties","volume":"46","author":"Wong","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thornton, E., and Vink, R. (2012). Treatment with a substance P receptor antagonist is neuroprotective in the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of early Parkinson\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034138"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, S., Resende, D., Kijjoa, A., Silva, A., Fernandes, R., Xavier, C., Vasconcelos, M., Sousa, E., and Pinto, M. (2019). Synthesis of New Proteomimetic Quinazolinone Alkaloids and Evaluation of Their Neuroprotective and Antitumor Effects. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030534"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fnw150","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw150","article-title":"Neofiscalin A and fiscalin C are potential novel indole alkaloid alternatives for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections","volume":"363","author":"Bessa","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31187","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA05319H","article-title":"New marine-derived indolymethyl pyrazinoquinazoline alkaloids with promising antimicrobial profiles","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.1c00589","article-title":"Indole-Containing Pyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones Active against Plasmodium and Trypanosomatids","volume":"13","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5696","article-title":"Cytotoxic activity of Secondary Metabolites from Marine-derived FungusNeosartorya siamensisin Human Cancer Cells","volume":"30","author":"Ramos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201400193","article-title":"Bioprospection of cytotoxic compounds in fungal strains recovered from sediments of the Brazilian coast","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.09.005","article-title":"Potential of four marine-derived fungi extracts as anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing agents in seven human cancer cell lines","volume":"8","author":"Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22886","article-title":"Can marine-derived fungus Neosartorya siamensis KUFA 0017 extract and its secondary metabolites enhance antitumor activity of doxorubicin? An in vitro survey unveils interactions against lung cancer cells","volume":"35","author":"Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, S., Resende, D.I.S.P., Kijjoa, A., Silva, A.M.S., Pina, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Marcelo, T., Vasconcelos, M.H., Sousa, E., and Pinto, M.M.M. (2018). Antitumor Activity of Quinazolinone Alkaloids Inspired by Marine Natural Products. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16080261"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2005.01.008","article-title":"Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 3H-quinazolin-4-ones","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, S., Furlani, I.L., Oliveira, J.M., Resende, D., Silva, A.M.S., Gales, L., Pereira, J.A., Kijjoa, A., Cass, Q.B., and Oliveira, R.V. (2021). Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Bioactive Indole-Containing Pyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,6-diones and Study of Their In Vitro Metabolic Profile. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26165070"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3153","article-title":"In vitro neurotoxicity evaluation of piperazine designer drugs in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"36","author":"Arbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-013-1120-7","article-title":"The mixture of \u201decstasy\u201d and its metabolites is toxic to human SH-SY5Y differentiated cells at in vivo relevant concentrations","volume":"88","author":"Barbosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Larramendy, M.L., and Soloneski, S. (2022, January 05). In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability Assays: Principles, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Available online: https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/57717."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.75","article-title":"Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability\/cytotoxicity","volume":"3","author":"Repetto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12347","DOI":"10.3390\/s120912347","article-title":"Multiple applications of Alamar Blue as an indicator of metabolic function and cellular health in cell viability bioassays","volume":"12","author":"Rampersad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1984","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1984","article-title":"Sulforhodamine B (SRB) Assay in Cell Culture to Investigate Cell Proliferation","volume":"6","author":"Orellana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bio.-Protoc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gameiro, M., Silva, R., Rocha-Pereira, C., Carmo, H., Carvalho, F., Bastos, M.L., and Remi\u00e3o, F. (2017). Cellular Models and In Vitro Assays for the Screening of modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22040600"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.2174\/138920008786485056","article-title":"Permeability\u2014In vitro assays for assessing drug transporter activity","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2016.1101064","article-title":"Transporter assays as useful in vitro tools in drug discovery and development","volume":"11","author":"Volpe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.11.013","article-title":"Modulation of P-glycoprotein efflux pump: Induction and activation as a therapeutic strategy","volume":"149","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1193-y","article-title":"Induction and activation of P-glycoprotein by dihydroxylated xanthones protect against the cytotoxicity of the P-glycoprotein substrate paraquat","volume":"88","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilas-Boas, V., Silva, R., Palmeira, A., Sousa, E., Ferreira, L.M., Branco, P.S., Carvalho, F., Bastos Mde, L., and Remi\u00e3o, F. (2013). Development of novel rifampicin-derived P-glycoprotein activators\/inducers. synthesis, in silico analysis and application in the RBE4 cell model, using paraquat as substrate. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074425"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1333-4","article-title":"P-glycoprotein induction in Caco-2 cells by newly synthetized thioxanthones prevents paraquat cytotoxicity","volume":"89","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-020-02544-1","article-title":"Oxygenated xanthones as P-glycoprotein modulators at the intestinal barrier: In vitro and docking studies","volume":"29","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"912","article-title":"P-glycoprotein activity in human Caucasian male lymphocytes does not follow its increased expression during aging","volume":"79","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytom. A"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.05.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of P-gp inhibition and effects on membrane fluidity of a new rifampicin derivative, 1,8-dibenzoyl-rifampicin","volume":"220","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, E., Silva, V., Lemos, A., Palmeira, A., Puthongking, P., Sousa, E., Rocha-Pereira, C., Ghanem, C.I., Carmo, H., and Remi\u00e3o, F. (2019). Newly Synthesized Oxygenated Xanthones as Potential P-Glycoprotein Activators: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Silico Studies. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24040707"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, A., Martins, E., Silva, R., Pinto, M.M.M., Remiao, F., Sousa, E., and Fernandes, C. (2018). Chiral Thioxanthones as Modulators of P-glycoprotein: Synthesis and Enantioselectivity Studies. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030626"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.8b00151","article-title":"Development of a PEGylated-Based Platform for Efficient Delivery of Dietary Antioxidants Across the Blood\u2013Brain Barrier","volume":"29","author":"Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.3390\/md12052539","article-title":"Bioactive Marine Drugs and Marine Biomaterials for Brain Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Grosso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15148","article-title":"P-glycoprotein: A role in the export of amyloid-\u03b2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"287","author":"Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160314151012","article-title":"A Role for P-Glycoprotein in Clearance of Alzheimer Amyloid \u03b2 -Peptide from the Brain","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25247","article-title":"P-glycoprotein deficiency at the blood-brain barrier increases amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in an Alzheimer disease mouse model","volume":"115","author":"Cirrito","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.061754","article-title":"Restoring blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein reduces brain amyloid-beta in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"77","author":"Hartz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.08.056","article-title":"Inhibition of human P-glycoprotein transport and substrate binding using a galantamine dimer","volume":"388","author":"Namanja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2018.1416096","article-title":"ABCB1: Is there a role in the drug treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"14","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.06.055","article-title":"Interactions between antiparkinsonian drugs and ABCB1\/P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in a rat brain endothelial cell model","volume":"442","author":"Vautier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.11.074","article-title":"SAG protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity via the downregulation of ROS generation and JNK signaling","volume":"413","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.014","article-title":"Discovery of a benzofuran derivative (MBPTA) as a novel ROCK inhibitor that protects against MPP+-induced oxidative stress and cell death in SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"74","author":"Chong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.11.073","article-title":"Inhibition of mixed lineage kinase 3 attenuates MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"1003","author":"Mathiasen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C., Zhang, Z., and Cui, W. (2019). Marine-Derived Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17040221"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-014-0503-5","article-title":"Natural products from marine organisms with neuroprotective activity in the experimental models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease and ischemic brain stroke: Their molecular targets and action mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2008.48","article-title":"Neoechinulin A Protects PC12 Cells against MPP+-induced Cytotoxicity","volume":"61","author":"Kajimura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.071","article-title":"Protective effects of xyloketal B against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans and PC12 cells","volume":"1332","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.243","article-title":"Neoechinulin a impedes the progression of rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells","volume":"34","author":"Akashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701761845","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds: From in vitro results to in vivo evidence","volume":"48","author":"Villano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59451-z","article-title":"Structure-antioxidant activity relationship of methoxy, phenolic hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid groups of phenolic acids","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/14756369909030340","article-title":"Inhibition of Glutathione Reductase by Isoproterenol Oxidation Products","volume":"15","author":"Carmo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03798.x","article-title":"Quiescence induced by iron challenge protects neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress","volume":"98","author":"Mura","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15240","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312497200","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein up-regulation and aggregation during MPP+-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells: Intermediacy of transferrin receptor iron and hydrogen peroxide","volume":"279","author":"Kalivendi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-015-9889-x","article-title":"Piperazine derivatives as iron chelators: A potential application in neurobiology","volume":"28","author":"Abdelsayed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.10.014","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the amyloid beta peptide in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Cheignon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2006.08.008","article-title":"Iron: A New Target for Pharmacological Intervention in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Whitnall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7939","DOI":"10.1021\/bi900907a","article-title":"Ternary Complexes of Iron, Amyloid-\u03b2, and Nitrilotriacetic Acid: Binding Affinities, Redox Properties, and Relevance to Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.11.009","article-title":"Ferric iron increases ROS formation, modulates cell growth and enhances genotoxic damage by 4-hydroxynonenal in human colon tumor cells","volume":"20","author":"Glei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitr."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chavarria, D., Fernandes, C., Aguiar, B., Silva, T., Garrido, J., Remi\u00e3o, F., Oliveira, P.J., Uriarte, E., and Borges, F. (2019). Insights into the Discovery of Novel Neuroprotective Agents: A Comparative Study between Sulfanylcinnamic Acid Derivatives and Related Phenolic Analogues. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24234405"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.09.021","article-title":"A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: Natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives","volume":"51","author":"Carocho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"726","article-title":"Prooxidant activities of antioxidants and their impact on health","volume":"58","author":"Sotler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Croat."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timoshnikov, V.A., Kobzeva, T.V., Polyakov, N.E., and Kontoghiorghes, G.J. (2020). Redox Interactions of Vitamin C and Iron: Inhibition of the Pro-Oxidant Activity by Deferiprone. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113967"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1179\/1351000211Y.0000000015","article-title":"Exploration of pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities of the flavonoid myricetin","volume":"16","author":"Chobot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Redox Rep."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/7\/1456\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:49:00Z","timestamp":1760140140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/14\/7\/1456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics14071456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071456","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]}}}