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manganese ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining special interest in the biomedical field due to their lower cytotoxicity compared with other ferrites, and the fact that they have improved magnetic properties. Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) is an alternative cancer treatment, in which magnetic nanoparticles promote local heating that can lead to the apoptosis of cancer cells. In this work, manganese\/calcium ferrite NPs coated with citrate (CaxMn1\u2212xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.2, 1), were synthesized by the sol-gel method, followed by calcination, and then characterized regarding their crystalline structure (by X-ray diffraction, XRD), size and shape (by Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM), hydrodynamic size and zeta potential (by Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS), and heating efficiency (measuring the Specific Absorption Rate, SAR, and Intrinsic Loss Power, ILP) under an alternating magnetic field. The obtained NPs showed a particle size within the range of 10 nm to 20 nm (by TEM) with a spherical or cubic shape. Ca0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4 NPs exhibited the highest SAR value of 36.3 W\/g at the lowest field frequency tested, and achieved a temperature variation of ~7 \u00b0C in 120 s, meaning that these NPs are suitable magnetic hyperthermia agents. In vitro cellular internalization and cytotoxicity experiments, performed using the human cell line HEK 293T, confirmed cytocompatibility over 0\u2013250 \u00b5g\/mL range and successful internalization after 24 h. Based on these studies, our data suggest that these manganese-calcium ferrite NPs have potential for MH application and further use in in vivo systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T02:18:06Z","timestamp":1669947486000},"page":"2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Citrate-Coated Calcium and Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Raquel G. D.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0937-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio R. S.","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0919-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Santos-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5829-6081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete M. S.","family":"Castanheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET (Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies), Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"C\u00f4rte-Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9265-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia R.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEB\u2014Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.03.026","article-title":"Current Challenges in Cancer Treatment","volume":"38","author":"Zugazagoitia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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