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Cav., Mentha cervina L. and Thymus mastichina (L.) L. subsp. mastichina are representative species of the C\u00f4a Valley\u2019s flora, a Portuguese UNESCO World Heritage Site. L. pedunculata and T. mastichina are traditionally used to preserve olives and to aromatize bonfires on Saint John\u2019s Eve, while M. cervina is mainly used as a spice for river fish dishes. Despite their traditional uses, these aromatic plants are still undervalued, and literature regarding their bioactivity, especially anticancer, is scarce. In this work, the morphology of secretory structures was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition of essential oils (EOs) was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study proceeded with cytotoxic evaluation of EOs in tumor and non-tumor cells with the cell death mechanism explored in glioblastoma (GB) cells. L. pedunculata EO presented the most pronounced cytotoxic\/antiproliferative activity against tumor cells, with moderate cytotoxicity against non-tumor cells. Whereas, M. cervina EO exhibited a slightly lower cytotoxic effect against tumor cells and did not affect the viability of non-tumor cells. Meanwhile, T. mastichina EO did not induce a strong cytotoxic effect against GB cells. L. pedunculata and M. cervina EOs lead to cell death by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The present study suggests that L. pedunculata and M. cervina EOs have a strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential to be further studied as efficient antitumor agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T07:42:27Z","timestamp":1674114147000},"page":"341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Essential Oils from C\u00f4a Valley Lamiaceae Species: Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Effect on Glioblastoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio Pedro","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1052-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Guapo","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Zuzarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1470-4802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology, University Clinic of Hematology and Applied Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3648-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana S.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1874-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alem\u00e3o, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01157-0","article-title":"Early Therapeutic Interventions for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Rationale and Review of the Literature","volume":"24","author":"Waqar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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