{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T17:43:13Z","timestamp":1777138993332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I\u2014strengthening research, technological development, and innovation","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I\u2014strengthening research, technological development, and innovation","award":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I\u2014strengthening research, technological development, and innovation","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I\u2014strengthening research, technological development, and innovation","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I\u2014strengthening research, technological development, and innovation","award":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"]}]},{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"]}]},{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"]}]},{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology\/MCTES","award":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"]}]},{"name":"\u201cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201d (CNRS)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491"]}]},{"name":"\u201cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201d (CNRS)","award":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/00709\/2019"]}]},{"name":"\u201cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201d (CNRS)","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201d (CNRS)","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique\u201d (CNRS)","award":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE18-0022-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitochondria are membrane-bound cellular organelles of high relevance responsible for the chemical energy production used in most of the biochemical reactions of cells. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Inherited solely from the mother, this genome is quite susceptible to mutations, mainly due to the absence of an effective repair system. Mutations in mtDNA are associated with endocrine, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Currently, therapeutic approaches are based on the administration of a set of drugs to alleviate the symptoms of patients suffering from mitochondrial pathologies. Mitochondrial gene therapy emerges as a promising strategy as it deeply focuses on the cause of mitochondrial disorder. The development of suitable mtDNA-based delivery systems to target and transfect mammalian mitochondria represents an exciting field of research, leading to progress in the challenging task of restoring mitochondria\u2019s normal function. This review gathers relevant knowledge on the composition, targeting performance, or release profile of such nanosystems, offering researchers valuable conceptual approaches to follow in their quest for the most suitable vectors to turn mitochondrial gene therapy clinically feasible. Future studies should consider the optimization of mitochondrial genes\u2019 encapsulation, targeting ability, and transfection to mitochondria. Expectedly, this effort will bring bright results, contributing to important hallmarks in mitochondrial gene therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T05:37:31Z","timestamp":1675834651000},"page":"572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Delivery Systems for Mitochondrial Gene Therapy: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4500-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Faria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6955-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prisca","family":"Boisgu\u00e9rin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhyMedExp, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9155-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.05.022","article-title":"Mitochondria as playmakers of apoptosis, autophagy and senescence","volume":"98","author":"Abate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.050","article-title":"DNA damage related crosstalk between the nucleus and mitochondria","volume":"107","author":"Saki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5641","article-title":"The genetics of mitochondrial disease: Dissecting mitochondrial pathology using multi-omic pipelines","volume":"254","author":"Alston","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3844\/ajeassp.2016.991.1002","article-title":"Mitochondria are Naturally Micro Robots\u2014A review","volume":"9","author":"Aversa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2174\/1871524915666150203093656","article-title":"Beyond Mitochondria, What Would be the Energy Source of the Cell?","volume":"15","author":"Herrera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obrador, E., Salvador-Palmer, R., L\u00f3pez-Blanch, R., Jihad-Jebbar, A., Vall\u00e9s, S., and Estrela, J. (2021). The Link between Oxidative Stress, Redox Status, Bioenergetics and Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of ALS. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126352"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2022.03.013","article-title":"Regulation of mitochondrial function by forkhead transcription factors","volume":"198","author":"Jerome","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2017.03.001","article-title":"Regulation of mitochondrial structure and function by protein import: A current review","volume":"24","author":"Prasai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"745","article-title":"The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Spinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.015","article-title":"The Origin and Diversification of Mitochondria","volume":"27","author":"Roger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontanesi, F. (2015). Mitochondria: Structure and Role in Respiration. eLS, 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0001380.pub2"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000545","article-title":"Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Systematic Review","volume":"80","author":"Picard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2016.01.013","article-title":"Evolutionary Inference across Eukaryotes Identifies Specific Pressures Favoring Mitochondrial Gene Retention","volume":"2","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10769","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10769","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA copy number variation across human cancers","volume":"5","author":"Reznik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jedynak-Slyvka, M., Jabczynska, A., and Szczesny, R. (2021). Human Mitochondrial RNA Processing and Modifications: Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157999"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170102","article-title":"Mitochondrial transcription and translation: Overview","volume":"62","author":"Minczuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.141267","article-title":"Mitochondrial protein synthesis, import, and assembly","volume":"192","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675465","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.675465","article-title":"Mitochondrial Protein Translation: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Disease","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(01)02338-1","article-title":"Natural selection and the evolution of mtDNA-encoded peptides: Evidence for intergenomic co-adaptation","volume":"17","author":"Blier","year":"2001","journal-title":"TRENDS Genet."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2020.148335","article-title":"Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency","volume":"1862","author":"Brischigliaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buneeva, O., Fedchenko, V., Kopylov, A., and Medvedev, A. (2020). Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Focus on Mitochondrial DNA. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8120591"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101674","article-title":"Mitochondrial electron transport chain: Oxidative phosphorylation, oxidant production, and methods of measurement","volume":"37","author":"Braganza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotrys, A.V., and Szczesny, R.J. (2019). Mitochondrial Gene Expression and Beyond\u2014Novel Aspects of Cellular Physiology. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010017"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16080","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.80","article-title":"Mitochondrial diseases","volume":"2","author":"Gorman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242454","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242454","article-title":"Fueling Immunity: Insights into Metabolism and Lymphocyte Function","volume":"342","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700997114","article-title":"Mitochondrial energy deficiency leads to hyperproliferation of skeletal muscle mitochondria and enhanced insulin sensitivity","volume":"114","author":"Morrow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20127","article-title":"A cannabinoid link between mitochondria and memory","volume":"539","author":"Desprez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02544","article-title":"VEGF delivery with retrogradely transported lentivector prolongs survival in a mouse ALS model","volume":"429","author":"Azzouz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18618","article-title":"Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA matching shapes metabolism and healthy ageing","volume":"535","author":"Torroja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.051","article-title":"Mitochondrial Diseases: Hope for the Future","volume":"181","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-020-00510-6","article-title":"Current and Emerging Clinical Treatment in Mitochondrial Disease","volume":"25","author":"Tinker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.10.040","article-title":"The broadening spectrum of mitochondrial disease: Shifts in the diagnostic paradigm","volume":"1840","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2013.05.005","article-title":"Mitochondrial disorders: Aetiologies, models systems, and candidate therapies","volume":"29","author":"Farrar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn, A., and Zuryn, S. (2019). Mitochondrial Genome (mtDNA) Mutations that Generate Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090392"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bordoni, L., and Gabbianelli, R. (2020). Mitochondrial DNA and Neurodegeneration: Any Role for Dietary Antioxidants?. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080764"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.12956","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA damage and reactive oxygen species in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"592","author":"Nissanka","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.11.010","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in metabolic disorders\u2014A step towards mitochondria based therapeutic strategies","volume":"1863","author":"Bhatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2016.590","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in human health and disease","volume":"4","author":"Stefano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49612","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201949612","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in disease and targeted nuclease-based therapeutic approaches","volume":"21","author":"Nissanka","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625020","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.625020","article-title":"mtDNA Heteroplasmy at the Core of Aging-Associated Heart Failure. An Integrative View of OXPHOS and Mitochondrial Life Cycle in Cardiac Mitochondrial Physiology","volume":"9","author":"Elorza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3275","article-title":"Human mitochondrial DNA: Roles of inherited and somatic mutations","volume":"13","author":"Schon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200061","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200061","article-title":"The rise and rise of mitochondrial DNA mutations","volume":"10","author":"Lawless","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"1177932217728515","article-title":"Bioinformatics Study of m.9053G>A Mutation at the ATP6 Gene in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cataract Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Saputra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinform. Biol. Insights"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021-016-0034-z","article-title":"Mitochondrial complex I and V gene polymorphisms in type II diabetes mellitus among high risk Mizo-Mongoloid population, Northeast India","volume":"38","author":"Lalrohlui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2019.12.001","article-title":"Genomic profiling of mitochondrial DNA reveals novel complex gene mutations in familial type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals from Mizo ethnic population, Northeast India","volume":"51","author":"Lalrohlui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.09.002","article-title":"Identification and characterization of the novel point mutation m.3634A>G in the mitochondrial MT-ND1 gene associated with LHON syndrome","volume":"1863","author":"Gamez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.12.043","article-title":"A Heterozygous NDUFV1 Variant Aggravates Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in a Family with a Homoplasmic ND1 Variant","volume":"196","author":"Baertling","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165745","article-title":"Desmin mutations result in mitochondrial dysfunction regardless of their aggregation properties","volume":"1866","author":"Smolina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.007","article-title":"The biochemical characterization of a missense mutation m.8914C>T in ATP6 gene associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy","volume":"71","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2020.03.023","article-title":"Impairment of Mitochondrial Calcium Buffering Links Mutations in C9ORF72 and TARDBP in iPS-Derived Motor Neurons from Patients with ALS\/FTD","volume":"14","author":"Dafinca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.06.050","article-title":"Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction: A vicious circle in neurodegenerative disorders?","volume":"710","author":"Witte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17170","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17170","article-title":"Female genetic distribution bias in mitochondrial genome observed in Parkinson\u2019s Disease patients in northern China","volume":"5","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup B5 confers genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Han Chinese","volume":"36","author":"Bi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.235120","article-title":"A Novel Mutation of Mitochondrial T14709C Causes Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers Syndrome in a Chinese Patient","volume":"131","author":"Ban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"296","article-title":"Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy With Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes-MELAS Syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Henry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.11.019","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity","volume":"192","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H., Komiyama, T., Inomoto, C., Kamiguchi, H., Kajiwara, H., Kobayashi, H., Nakamura, N., and Terachi, T. (2016). Mutations in the Mitochondrial ND1 Gene Are Associated with Postoperative Prognosis of Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122049"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.07.002","article-title":"Integrated Genomic Analysis of Hurthle Cell Cancer Reveals Oncogenic Drivers, Recurrent Mitochondrial Mutations, and Unique Chromosomal Landscapes","volume":"34","author":"Ganly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0088","article-title":"Short Review: Genomic Alterations in H\u00fcrthle Cell Carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Ganly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.13291","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutations in ageing and cancer","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2019.10.143","article-title":"Trial to search for mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with cancer detected by massively parallel sequencing","volume":"7","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703056104","article-title":"Disruptive mitochondrial DNA mutations in complex I subunits are markers of oncocytic phenotype in thyroid tumors","volume":"104","author":"Gasparre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-015-0611-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial complex I and V gene polymorphisms associated with breast cancer in mizo-mongloid population","volume":"23","author":"Thapa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp566","article-title":"The genetic and metabolic signature of oncocytic transformation implicates HIF1\u03b1 destabilization","volume":"19","author":"Porcelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.101","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA mutations distinguish bilateral multifocal renal oncocytomas from familial Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 tumors","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2004.03.013","article-title":"Bioenergetics of mitochondrial diseases associated with mtDNA mutations","volume":"1658","author":"Lenaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1076739","article-title":"Progressive Encephalopathy and Complex I Deficiency Associated with Mutations in MTND1","volume":"39","author":"Moslemi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.05.014","article-title":"Mutational screening in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental delay: Description of a novel m.3861A > C mitochondrial mutation in the MT-ND1 gene","volume":"474","author":"Ammar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.10.113","article-title":"Advances in drug therapy for mitochondrial diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.09.002","article-title":"Drug Development for the Therapy of Mitochondrial Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Weissig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7522","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.TM117.000259","article-title":"Lipoic acid metabolism and mitochondrial redox regulation","volume":"293","author":"Solmonson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-009-0046-0","article-title":"A modern approach to the treatment of mitochondrial disease","volume":"11","author":"Parikh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20688","article-title":"Beneficial effects of creatine, CoQ10, and lipoic acid in mitochondrial disorders","volume":"35","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-014-0292-7","article-title":"Treatment of Mitochondrial Disorders","volume":"16","author":"Avula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(02)00469-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of creatine monohydrate in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies","volume":"28","author":"Komura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0876-4","article-title":"Creatine as a therapeutic strategy for myopathies","volume":"40","author":"Tarnopolsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2009.04.019","article-title":"The role of cardiolipin in the structural organization of mitochondrial membranes","volume":"1788","author":"Schlame","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12461","article-title":"First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics","volume":"171","author":"Szeto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34682","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M402999200","article-title":"Cell-permeable Peptide Antioxidants Targeted to Inner Mitochondrial Membrane inhibit Mitochondrial Swelling, Oxidative Cell Death, and Reperfusion Injury","volume":"279","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12468","article-title":"Targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin and the cytochrome c\/cardiolipin complex to promote electron transport and optimize mitochondrial ATP synthesis","volume":"171","author":"Birk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e318272c643","article-title":"Effects of Idebenone on Color Vision in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy","volume":"33","author":"Rudolph","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02080-4","article-title":"Wedelolactone Mitigates Parkinsonism Via Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Through NRF2\/SKN-1","volume":"58","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31248","article-title":"Beyond symptomatic relief for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: Targeting the source","volume":"124","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2018.1500695","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 serves to couple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid beta-oxidation, and attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"52","author":"Chokchaiwong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2017.06.007","article-title":"Nonintegrating Gene Therapy Vectors","volume":"31","author":"Athanasopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700982R","article-title":"The rapidly evolving state of gene therapy","volume":"32","author":"Gruntman","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faria, R., Paul, M., Biswas, S., Viv\u00e8s, E., Boisgu\u00e9rin, P., Sousa, \u00c2., and Costa, D. (2022). Peptides vs. Polymers: Searching for the Most Efficient Delivery System for Mitochondrial Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040757"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00823","article-title":"Mitochondrial Gene Therapy: Advances in Mitochondrial Gene Cloning, Plasmid Production, and Nanosystems Targeted to Mitochondria","volume":"14","author":"Coutinho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00976-5","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism and DNA methylation: A review of the interaction between two genomes","volume":"12","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.002","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA Variation Dictates Expressivity and Progression of Nuclear DNA Mutations Causing Cardiomyopathy","volume":"29","author":"McManus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.05.013","article-title":"RNASEH1 Mutations Impair mtDNA Replication and Cause Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy","volume":"97","author":"Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1480674","article-title":"Advanced physical techniques for gene delivery based on membrane perforation","volume":"25","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrero, M.J., Sendra, L., Miguel, A., and Ali\u00f1o, S.F. (2017). Physical Methods of Gene Delivery. Saf. Effic. Gene-Based Ther., 113\u2013135.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53457-2_6"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02560-7","article-title":"Architecture of a mammalian glomerular domain revealed by novel volume electroporation using nanoengineered microelectrodes","volume":"9","author":"Schwarz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"060504","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.6.060504","article-title":"Ultrafast laser-assisted spatially targeted optoporation into cortical axons and retinal cells in the eye","volume":"22","author":"Batabyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2406","article-title":"Ultrasound-responsive gene-activated matrices for osteogenic gene therapy using matrix-assisted sonoporation","volume":"12","author":"Nomikou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507805","DOI":"10.1109\/LMAG.2017.2732361","article-title":"Cell Membrane Pore Formation and Change in Ion Channel Activity in High-Gradient Magnetic Fields","volume":"8","author":"Polyakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Magn. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","unstructured":"Bonnefoy, N., and Fox, T.D. (2007). Mitochondria, Humana Press."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00511","article-title":"Validation of Mitochondrial Gene Delivery in Liver and Skeletal Muscle via Hydrodynamic Injection Using an Artificial Mitochondrial Reporter DNA Vector","volume":"12","author":"Yasuzaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, Y.-H., and Lim, K.-I. (2018). Recent Advances in Mitochondria-Targeted Gene Delivery. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092316"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horten, P., Colina-Tenorio, L., and Rampelt, H. (2020). Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Metabolite Carriers. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10071008"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2020.04.001","article-title":"Cytosolic Events in the Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Proteins","volume":"45","author":"Bykov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1007\/s13233-019-7153-x","article-title":"Cationic Oligopeptide-Functionalized Mitochondria Targeting Sequence Show Mitochondria Targeting and Anticancer Activity","volume":"27","author":"Bae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromol. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faria, R., Viv\u00e9s, E., Boisguerin, P., Sousa, A., and Costa, D. (2021). Development of Peptide-Based Nanoparticles for Mitochondrial Plasmid DNA Delivery. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13111836"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayda, S., Adeel, M., Tuccinardi, T., Cordani, M., and Rizzolio, F. (2020). The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical\u2013Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010112"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11476","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00194","article-title":"Form Follows Function: Nanoparticle Shape and Its Implications for Nanomedicine","volume":"117","author":"Kinnear","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S46900","article-title":"Nanopharmaceuticals (part 1): Products on the market","volume":"9","author":"Weissig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900172","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900172","article-title":"Nucleic Acid\u2013Based Functional Nanomaterials as Advanced Cancer Therapeutics","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2973-y","article-title":"Targeting autophagy using metallic nanoparticles: A promising strategy for cancer treatment","volume":"76","author":"Cordani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119314","article-title":"Recent advances in theranostic polymeric nanoparticles for cancer treatment: A review","volume":"582","author":"Indoria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2018-0219","article-title":"Recent advances in drug release monitoring","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"7675269","article-title":"The Uprising of Mitochondrial DNA Biomarker in Cancer","volume":"2021","author":"Khair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trecarichi, A., Duggett, N.A., Granat, L., Lo, S., Malik, A.N., Zuliani-\u00c1lvarez, L., and Flatters, S.J.L. (2022). Preclinical evidence for mitochondrial DNA as a potential blood biomarker for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262544"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e529","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.529","article-title":"Potential biomarkers and targets of mitochondrial dynamics","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201202485","article-title":"Nanoparticles for gene delivery","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17068","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.68","article-title":"DNA nanotechnology","volume":"3","author":"Seeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755727","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.755727","article-title":"Polymeric Nanoparticles for Mitochondria Targeting Mediated Robust Cancer Therapy","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S303832","article-title":"Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug-Loaded Nanoformulations","volume":"16","author":"Allemailem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10043","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00042","article-title":"Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications","volume":"117","author":"Zielonka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"183","article-title":"Conjugation of Triphenylphosphonium Cation to Hydrophobic Moieties to Prepare Mitochondria-Targeting Nanocarriers","volume":"2000","author":"Mendiola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Protoc."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7392","DOI":"10.1021\/nn403158n","article-title":"Ex Vivo Programming of Dendritic Cells by Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoparticles to Produce Interferon-Gamma for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Marrache","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.12.013","article-title":"Dequalinium-based functional nanosomes show increased mitochondria targeting and anticancer effect","volume":"124","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.215","article-title":"Self-assembled nanoparticles composed of glycol chitosan-dequalinium for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery","volume":"132","author":"Mallick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2020.113873","article-title":"Physicochemical characterization and targeting performance of triphenylphosphonium nano-polyplexes","volume":"316","author":"Faria","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904-021-01925-2","article-title":"Applications of Dendrimers in Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery: A Review","volume":"31","author":"Nikzamir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.111837","article-title":"PAMAM dendrimer as a talented multifunctional biomimetic nanocarrier for cancer diagnosis and therapy","volume":"204","author":"Surekha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-016-0197-6","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo uptake studies of PAMAM G4.5 dendrimers in breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Oddone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1039\/C3TB21348J","article-title":"Mitochondrial targeting dendrimer allows efficient and safe gene delivery","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.03.032","article-title":"Surface conjugation of triphenylphosphonium to target poly(amidoamine) dendrimers to mitochondria","volume":"33","author":"Biswas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2015.022","article-title":"Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Efficient Drug and Gene Delivery Systems: Recent Breakthroughs","volume":"5","author":"Dolatabadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391858-1.00015-0","article-title":"Multifunctional Envelope-Type Nano Device (MEND) for Organelle Targeting Via a Stepwise Membrane Fusion Process","volume":"509","author":"Yamada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302910","article-title":"Octaarginine-modified multifunctional envelope-type nanoparticles for gene delivery","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.99","article-title":"Dual Function MITO-Porter, a Nano Carrier Integrating Both Efficient Cytoplasmic Delivery and Mitochondrial Macromolecule Delivery","volume":"19","author":"Yamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.02.009","article-title":"Multi-layered nanoparticles for penetrating the endosome and nuclear membrane via a step-wise membrane fusion process","volume":"30","author":"Akita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770.2019.1675167","article-title":"A nanocarrier for the mitochondrial delivery of nucleic acids to cardiomyocytes","volume":"39","author":"Yamada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.06.005","article-title":"Functional nanosome for enhanced mitochondria-targeted gene delivery and expression","volume":"37","author":"Bae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2005.07.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial leader sequence-plasmid DNA conjugates delivered into mammalian cells by DQAsomes co-localize with mitochondria","volume":"5","author":"Boddapati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.11.002","article-title":"MITO-Porter: A liposome-based carrier system for delivery of macromolecules into mitochondria via membrane fusion","volume":"1778","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.04.016","article-title":"Mitochondrial drug delivery systems for macromolecule and their therapeutic application to mitochondrial diseases","volume":"60","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.04.004","article-title":"Validation of Gene Therapy for Mutant Mitochondria by Delivering Mitochondrial RNA Using a MITO-Porter","volume":"20","author":"Kawamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther.\u2014Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2019.08.004","article-title":"Targeted mitochondrial delivery of antisense RNA-containing nanoparticles by a MITO-Porter for safe and efficient mitochondrial gene silencing","volume":"49","author":"Kawamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.02.005","article-title":"Mitochondrial transgene expression via an artificial mitochondrial DNA vector in cells from a patient with a mitochondrial disease","volume":"274","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.04.031","article-title":"Targeting mitochondria: Esters of rhodamine B with triterpenoids are mitocanic triggers of apoptosis","volume":"152","author":"Wolfram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.06.003","article-title":"Rhodamine based plasmid DNA nanoparticles for mitochondrial gene therapy","volume":"121","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2014.12.013","article-title":"Development of mitochondrial targeting plasmid DNA nanoparticles: Characterization and in vitro studies","volume":"480","author":"Salvado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b00877","article-title":"Targeting of Cellular Organelles by Fluorescent Plasmid DNA Nanoparticles","volume":"18","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1021\/nn400548g","article-title":"Tumor-Targeting and Microenvironment-Responsive Smart Nanoparticles for Combination Therapy of Antiangiogenesis and Apoptosis","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.09.024","article-title":"The use of lactoferrin as a ligand for targeting the polyamidoamine-based gene delivery system to the brain","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201300279","article-title":"Acid Active Receptor-Specific Peptide Ligand for In Vivo Tumor-Targeted Delivery","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB02714H","article-title":"Dual aptamer modified dendrigraft poly-l-lysine nanoparticles for overcoming multi-drug resistance through mitochondrial targeting","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-020-0410-x","article-title":"ROS-Responsive Berberine Polymeric Micelles Effectively Suppressed the Inflammation of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Targeting Mitochondria","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17044","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR06130G","article-title":"Redox-triggered activation of nanocarriers for mitochondria-targeting cancer chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7199","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S270229","article-title":"The Advances of Ceria Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications in Orthopaedics","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.40395","article-title":"ROS-responsive nano-drug delivery system combining mitochondria-targeting ceria nanoparticles with atorvastatin for acute kidney injury","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2013.08.010","article-title":"Mitochondrial targeting functional peptides as potential devices for the mitochondrial delivery of a DF-MITO-Porter","volume":"13","author":"Kawamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.06.037","article-title":"Mitochondrial delivery of Coenzyme Q10 via systemic administration using a MITO-Porter prevents ischemia\/reperfusion injury in the mouse liver","volume":"213","author":"Yamada","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5529","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.29039","article-title":"Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Activated Microglia using Dendrimer-Based Therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1039\/C8BM00889B","article-title":"pH-Sensitive micelles with mitochondria-targeted and aggregation-induced emission characterization: Synthesis, cytotoxicity and biological applications","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119844","article-title":"Neuronal mitochondria-targeted micelles relieving oxidative stress for delayed progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"238","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21690","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA03240F","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted alginate\/triphenylphosphonium-grafted-chitosan for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Arafa","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01671","article-title":"A Novel Triphenylphosphonium Carrier to Target Mitochondria without Uncoupling Oxidative Phosphorylation","volume":"64","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00922","article-title":"Mitochondrial-Targeting Anticancer Agent Conjugates and Nanocarrier Systems for Cancer Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Battogtokh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/2\/572\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:28:07Z","timestamp":1760120887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4923\/15\/2\/572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["pharmaceutics15020572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15020572","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}}}