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Recently, photodynamic therapy demonstrated successful application in many fields of medicine. This innovative, non-invasive treatment modality requires a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen. In particular, the photosensitizer can selectively accumulate in diseased tissues without damaging healthy cells. Berberine\u2019s physicochemical properties allow its use as a photosensitising agent for photodynamic therapy, enabling reactive oxygen species production and thus potentiating treatment efficacy. However, berberine exhibits poor aqueous solubility, low oral bioavailability, poor cellular permeability, and poor gastrointestinal absorption that hamper its therapeutic and photodynamic efficacy. Nanotechnology has been used to minimize berberine\u2019s limitations with the design of drug delivery systems. Different nanoparticulate delivery systems for berberine have been used, as lipid-, inorganic- and polymeric-based nanoparticles. These berberine nanocarriers improve its therapeutic properties and photodynamic potential. More specifically, they extend its half-life, increase solubility, and allow a high permeation and targeted delivery. This review describes different nano strategies designed for berberine delivery as well as berberine\u2019s potential as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. To benefit from berberine\u2019s overall potential, nanotechnology has been applied for berberine-mediated photodynamic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T09:59:31Z","timestamp":1693907971000},"page":"2282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Elucidating Berberine\u2019s Therapeutic and Photosensitizer Potential through Nanomedicine Tools"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7487-9658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IUCS-CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, LAQV, REQUIMTE, U. Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia A. Costa","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUCS-CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S156123","article-title":"Berberine nanoparticles with enhanced in vitro bioavailability: Characterization and antimicrobial activity","volume":"12","author":"Sahibzada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. 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