{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:59:38Z","timestamp":1769104778664,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAPERJ (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)","award":["E-26\/210.327\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/210.327\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Silybin (SIB) is a hepatoprotective drug known for its poor oral bioavailability, attributed to its classification as a class IV drug with significant metabolism during the first-pass effect. This study explored the potential of solid lipid nanoparticles with (SLN-SIB-U) or without (SLN-SIB) ursodeoxycholic acid and polymeric nanoparticles (PN-SIB) as delivery systems for SIB. The efficacy of these nanosystems was assessed through in vitro studies using the GRX and Caco-2 cell lines for permeability and proliferation assays, respectively, as well as in vivo experiments employing a murine model of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection in BALB\/c mice. The mean diameter and encapsulation efficiency of the nanosystems were as follows: SLN-SIB (252.8 \u00b1 4.4 nm, 90.28 \u00b1 2.2%), SLN-SIB-U (252.9 \u00b1 14.4 nm, 77.05 \u00b1 2.8%), and PN-SIB (241.8 \u00b1 4.1 nm, 98.0 \u00b1 0.2%). In the proliferation assay with the GRX cell line, SLN-SIB and SLN-SIB-U exhibited inhibitory effects of 43.09 \u00b1 5.74% and 38.78 \u00b1 3.78%, respectively, compared to PN-SIB, which showed no inhibitory effect. Moreover, SLN-SIB-U demonstrated a greater apparent permeability coefficient (25.82 \u00b1 2.2) than PN-SIB (20.76 \u00b1 0.1), which was twice as high as that of SLN-SIB (11.32 \u00b1 4.6) and pure SIB (11.28 \u00b1 0.2). These findings suggest that solid lipid nanosystems hold promise for further in vivo investigations. In the murine model of acute-phase Schistosomiasis mansoni infection, both SLN-SIB and SLN-SIB-U displayed hepatoprotective effects, as evidenced by lower alanine amino transferase values (22.89 \u00b1 1.6 and 23.93 \u00b1 2.4 U\/L, respectively) than those in control groups I (29.55 \u00b1 0.7 U\/L) and I+SIB (34.29 \u00b1 0.3 U\/L). Among the prepared nanosystems, SLN-SIB-U emerges as a promising candidate for enhancing the pharmacokinetic properties of SIB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16050618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1715007901000},"page":"618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Silybin Nanoparticles against Liver Damage in Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5584-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Figueiredo","family":"Vanzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ester Puna","family":"Goma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Resende","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3772-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago da Silva","family":"Honorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Priscila de Souza","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Carlos Rangel","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Valeria Pereira","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Hilton Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Mata dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Almada","family":"do Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4673-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alexandre dos Santos","family":"Pyrrho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1399-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Jos\u00e9","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, I3S-Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lucio Mendes","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.05.034","article-title":"Recent advances in the analysis of flavonolignans of Silybum marianum","volume":"130","author":"Csupor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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