{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:54:22Z","timestamp":1768463662671,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2014FCT","award":["UIDB\/00645\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00645\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present work consisted of an exploratory study aiming to evaluate in vitro the potential of AuNPs during Radiation Therapy (RT) in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. AuNPs coated with hyaluronic and oleic acids (HAOA-AuNPs) or with bombesin peptides (BBN-AuNPs) were used. AuNPs were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. BxPC-3 tumor cells were irradiated with a 6 MV X-rays beam, in the absence or presence of AuNPs. AFM showed that HAOA-AuNPs and BBN-AuNPs are spherical with a mean size of 83 \u00b1 20 nm and 49 \u00b1 12 nm, respectively. For RT alone, a reduction in cell viability of up to 33 \u00b1 12% was obtained compared to the control (p \u2264 0.0001). HAOA-AuNPs alone at 200 and 400 \u03bcM showed a reduction in cell viability of 20 \u00b1 4% and 35 \u00b1 4%, respectively, while for BBN-AuNPs, at 50 and 200 \u03bcM, a reduction in cell viability of 25 \u00b1 3% and 37 \u00b1 3% was obtained, respectively, compared to the control (p &lt; 0.0001). At 72 h post-irradiation, a decrease in cell viability of 26 \u00b1 3% and 22 \u00b1 2% between RT + HAOA-AuNPs at 400 \u03bcM and RT + BBN-AuNPs at 50 \u03bcM, compared to RT alone, was obtained (p &lt; 0.004). The combination of RT with AuNPs led to a significant decrease in cell viability compared to the control, or RT alone, thus representing an improved effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16070900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T14:40:50Z","timestamp":1720449650000},"page":"900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhanced Cytotoxicity against a Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line Combining Radiation and Gold Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigida C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Foundation, Radiotherapy, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0307-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana S.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9164-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2TN\u2014Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"DECN\u2014Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0646-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2TN\u2014Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"DECN\u2014Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula Cabral","family":"Campello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2TN\u2014Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"DECN\u2014Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1862-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estat\u00edstica e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1046-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina Pinto","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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