{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:58:45Z","timestamp":1770818325760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at University of Tabuk","award":["0078-1444-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0078-1444-S"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Biofilm-associated infections, particularly those involving Candida auris and Staphylococcus aureus, pose significant challenges in clinical settings due to their resilience and resistance to conventional treatments. This study aimed to synthesize novel triazole derivatives containing a piperazine ring via click chemistry and evaluate their efficacy in disrupting biofilms formed by these pathogens. Methods: Triazole derivatives were synthesized using click chemistry techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was tested against planktonic cells of C. auris and S. aureus in single and dual-species culture conditions. Biofilm disruption efficacy was assessed, alongside the evaluation of physicochemical properties, oral bioavailability potential, and toxicity profiles. Results: The compound T3 demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells of C. auris and S. aureus in both single and dual-species cultures. T3 exhibited significant efficacy in reducing microbial viability within biofilms formed by these pathogens. Physicochemical analyses revealed favorable solubility and permeability profiles, supporting its potential for oral bioavailability. Toxicity assessments showed a non-toxic profile, highlighting a promising safety margin for further development. Conclusions: This study underscores the anti-biofilm properties of novel triazole-piperazine derivatives, particularly T3, against single and dual-species biofilms of C. auris and S. aureus. These findings position T3 as a promising candidate for developing therapies targeting polymicrobial infections and provide a foundation for future research into alternative strategies for combating biofilm-associated infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16121570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T06:16:14Z","timestamp":1733724974000},"page":"1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Concomitant Inhibition and Collaring of Dual-Species Biofilms Formed by Candida auris and Staphylococcus aureus by Triazole Based Small Molecule Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humaira","family":"Parveen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5150-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayeed","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4594-8570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona O.","family":"Albalawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Khasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2845-0727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aijaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1838-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohmmad Younus","family":"Wani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00921-17","article-title":"Survival, persistence, and isolation of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candida auris on a plastic health care surface","volume":"55","author":"Welsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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