{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:40:43Z","timestamp":1775842843134,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2024.02558.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.02558.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PRT\/BD\/154845\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRT\/BD\/154845\/2023"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2021.05543.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05543.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotechnology, specifically magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), is revolutionizing cancer treatment. Magnetic hyperthermia is a treatment that, using MNPs, can selectively kill cancer cells without causing damage to the surrounding tissues. Background\/Objectives: This work aimed to analyze how the synthesis conditions, namely, how the pH of the reaction can influence the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia, using the hydrothermal synthesis. Methods: For the hydrothermal synthesis, FeCl3\u00b76H2O and FeCl2\u00b74H2O were mixed with different quantities of NaOH to adjust the pH. After obtaining a black precipitate, the samples were placed in an autoclave at 200 \u00b0C for 60 h, followed by a washing and drying phase. The obtained MNPs were analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy, a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, Specific Absorption Rate analysis, and cytotoxicity assays. Results: Different MNPs were analyzed (9.06 &lt; pH &lt; 12.75). The XRD results showed the presence of various iron oxide phases (magnetite, maghemite, and hematite), resulting from the oxidization of the iron phases present in the autoclave. In terms of the average particle size, it was verified that, by increasing the pH value, the size decreases (from 53.53 nm to 9.49 nm). Additionally, MNPs possess a superparamagnetic behaviour with high SAR values (above 69.3 W\/g). Conclusions: It was found that the pH of the reaction can influence the size, morphology, magnetization, and thermal efficiency of the MNP. The MNP with the highest composition of Fe3O4 was synthesized with a pH of 12.75, with a cubic morphology and a SAR value of 92.7 \u00b1 3.2 W\/g.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17070844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1751438772000},"page":"844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of the pH Synthesis of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles on Their Applicability for Magnetic Hyperthermia: An In Vitro Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7626-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N, Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6532-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eurico","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, P\u00f3lo III\u2014P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1493-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vital C.","family":"Ferreira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, C<sup>2<\/sup>TN, DECN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7994-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Salom\u00e9","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, P\u00f3lo III\u2014P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8818-0039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura C. J.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, C<sup>2<\/sup>TN, DECN, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula I. P.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N\/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, P\u00f3lo III\u2014P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5205-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, P\u00f3lo III\u2014P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Polytechnique University of Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, S\u00e3o Martinho do Bispo, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"H&TRC\u2014Health and Technology Research Center, Coimbra Health Scholl, Polytechnique University of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"European Association of Biomedical Scientists, 1000 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel P. 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