{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:21:24Z","timestamp":1777036884013,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia"},{"name":"SPFITO- the Portuguese Society of Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The industrial extraction and purification processes of Cannabis sativa L. compounds are critical steps in creating formulations with reliable and reproducible therapeutic and sensorial attributes. Methods: For this study, standardized preparations of chemotype I were chemically analyzed, and the sensory attributes were studied to characterize the extraction and purification processes, ensuring the maximum retention of cannabinoids and minimization of other secondary metabolites. The industrial process used deep-cooled ethanol for selective extraction. Results: Taking into consideration that decarboxylation occurs in the process, the cannabinoid profile composition was preserved from the herbal substance to the herbal preparations, with wiped-film distillation under deep vacuum conditions below 0.2 mbar, as a final purification step. The profiles of the terpenes and cannabinoids in crude and purified Full-spectrum Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO) were analyzed at different stages to evaluate compositional changes that occurred throughout processing. Subjective intensity and acceptance ratings were received for taste, color, overall appearance, smell, and mouthfeel of FECO preparations. Conclusions: According to sensory analysis, purified FECO was more accepted than crude FECO, which had a stronger and more polarizing taste, and received higher ratings for color and overall acceptance. In contrast, a full cannabis extract in the market resulted in lower acceptance due to taste imbalance. The purification process effectively removed non-cannabinoids, improving sensory quality while maintaining therapeutic potency. Terpene markers of the flower were remarkably preserved in SOMA\u00cd\u2019s preparations\u2019 fingerprint, highlighting a major qualitative profile reproducibility and the opportunity for their previous separation and\/or controlled reintroduction. The study underscores the importance of monitoring the extraction and purification processes to optimize the cannabinoid content and sensory characteristics in cannabis preparations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17070848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1751438772000},"page":"848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Process Development for GMP-Grade Full Extract Cannabis Oil: Towards Standardized Medicinal Use"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9887-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do C\u00e9u","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"NICiTeS, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony, ERISA-Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade Ribeiro Sanches, Rua do Telhal aos Olivais 8, 1950-396 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2286-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Vinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Moniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5814-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioTec Research Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Pestana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1708-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P., Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0198-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Monteiro","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"DeMeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Marynissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marques da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Rijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona\u2019s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOMA\u00cd Pharmaceuticals, R. 13 de Maio 52, 2580-507 Carregado, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57369-0_1","article-title":"Constituents of Cannabis sativa","volume":"1264","author":"Rock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. 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