{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:11:28Z","timestamp":1771049488122,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.03946.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.03946.CEECIND"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceutics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumour in adults, and despite ongoing efforts, effective treatment remains limited. Standard therapies often face challenges because of the tumour\u2019s specific biology, its aggressive nature, and the presence of certain physiological barriers in the brain that impede chemotherapeutics from reaching their target. Emerging research in circadian biology highlights the role of the internal circadian clock in tumour progression and treatment response. Evidence suggests that aligning therapy to patients\u2019 chronotypes could potentially improve treatment outcomes. At the same time, advances in nanotechnology\u2014including functionalized nanoparticles for drug and\/or gene delivery\u2014show promising results while reducing side effects. Additionally, evolving and prominent artificial intelligence tools may significantly contribute to progress in the design of next-generation personalised therapies. This review provides a unique and integrative perspective by examining the hurdles in treating GB and exploring innovative strategies, such as the integration of nanotechnology into chronotherapy protocols, to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The Chronobiology\u2013Nanotechnology combination could not only improve GB patients\u2019 survival rates but also lead to a more effective and less toxic personalised approach, distinguishing this work from previous reviews.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics18020235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:28:11Z","timestamp":1770910091000},"page":"235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Potential of Chronotherapy and Nanotherapy-Based Strategies for Glioblastoma Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Mineiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5202-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma","family":"Quintela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"BRIDGES\u2014Biotechnology Research, Innovation and Design for Health Products, Polytechnic University of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-4518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad107","article-title":"Watching the clock in glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gazaille, C., Sicot, M., Saulnier, P., Eyer, J., and Bastiat, G. (2021). 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