{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:37:03Z","timestamp":1759970223794,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"project PLUGPON","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047221","2021. 05090.BD."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047221","2021. 05090.BD."]}]},{"name":"FCT PhD grant","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047221","2021. 05090.BD."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047221","2021. 05090.BD."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photonics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work we present the extended work of the previously proposed scheme for in-PIC temperature monitoring. This can be used in any photonic integrated circuitry platform, allowing simplified temperature monitoring and improved independence of the interrogating laser wavelength. Theoretically, power sensitivity was observed to be 0.77 dB\/\u00b0C and 0.98 dB\/\u00b0C for common mode and differential mode, respectively. The experimentally noted sensitivity of common mode and differential mode are 1.45 dB\/\u00b0C and 0.8 dB\/\u00b0C, respectively, at 1524 nm. The scheme allows the monitoring of the average temperature on the surface of the chip, which results from the global effect that affects both gratings (common mode) and the monitoring of the difference in temperature between gratings (differential mode).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics12010054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1736406047000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temperature Monitoring in PIC Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sushma","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butt, M.A., Kazanskiy, N.L., and Khonina, S.N. (2022). Advances in Waveguide Bragg Grating Structures, Platforms, and Applications: An Up-to-Date Appraisal. Biosensors, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12070497"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpintero, G., Hisatake, S., de Felipe, D., Guzman, R., Nagatsuma, T., and Keil, N. (2018). Wireless Data Transmission at Terahertz Carrier Waves Generated from a Hybrid InP-Polymer Dual Tunable DBR Laser Photonic Integrated Circuit. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21391-0"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2336755","article-title":"Substrate Thickness Effects on Thermal Crosstalk in InP-Based Photonic Integrated Circuits","volume":"32","author":"Gilardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, S., Pinho, C.M.R., Rodrigues, F., Neto, H., Lima, M., and Teixeira, A.L.J. (2019, January 10\u201314). Laser Thermal Crosstalk Modelling in InP based Photonic Integrated Chips. Proceedings of the 2019 SBMO\/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC), Aveiro, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMOC43827.2019.9317568"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23380","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.023380","article-title":"Reducing thermal crosstalk in ten-channel tunable slotted-laser arrays","volume":"23","author":"Mathews","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilardi, G., Yao, W., Smit, M.K., and Wale, M.J. (2014). On-Chip Thermal Crosstalk Reduction in InP-based Photonic Integrated Circuits. Advanced Photonics for Communications, Optica Publishing Group. paper IM3A.1.","DOI":"10.1364\/IPRSN.2014.IM3A.1"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll, L., Lee, J.S., Scarcella, C., Gradkowski, K., Duperron, M., Lu, H., Zhao, Y., Eason, C., Morrissey, P., and Rensing, M. (2016). Photonic packaging: Transforming silicon photonic integrated circuits into photonic devices. Appl. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/app6120426"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.003934","article-title":"On-chip silicon waveguide Bragg grating photonic temperature sensor","volume":"40","author":"Klimov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, S., Abejide, A.E., Rodrigues, F., Lima, M., and Teixeira, A. (2023, January 2\u20136). Grating-Based Structure for in-PIC Temperature Monitoring. Proceedings of the 2023 23rd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Bucharest, Romania.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON59386.2023.10207359"}],"container-title":["Photonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6732\/12\/1\/54\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:25:33Z","timestamp":1759919133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6732\/12\/1\/54"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["photonics12010054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/photonics12010054","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6732"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2304-6732"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]}}}