{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:08:49Z","timestamp":1767773329339,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VOXEL H2020-FETOPEN-2014-2015-RIA","award":["665207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["665207"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)","award":["192346071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["192346071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photonics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an invaluable technique for generating three-dimensional (3D) images of inert or living specimens. X-ray CT is used in many scientific, industrial, and societal fields. Compared to conventional 2D X-ray imaging, CT requires longer acquisition times because up to several thousand projections are required for reconstructing a single high-resolution 3D volume. Plenoptic imaging\u2014an emerging technology in visible light field photography\u2014highlights the potential of capturing quasi-3D information with a single exposure. Here, we show the first demonstration of a flexible plenoptic microscope operating with hard X-rays; it is used to computationally reconstruct images at different depths along the optical axis. The experimental results are consistent with the expected axial refocusing, precision, and spatial resolution. Thus, this proof-of-concept experiment opens the horizons to quasi-3D X-ray imaging, without sample rotation, with spatial resolution of a few hundred nanometres.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics9020098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T23:42:20Z","timestamp":1644363740000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Flexible Plenoptic X-ray Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-7353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Alj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Appliqu\u00e9e UMR7639, ENSTA, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Batenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Ombeline","family":"de La Rochefoucauld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imagine Optic, 33400 Talence, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3899-1121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imagine Optic, 33400 Talence, France"}]},{"given":"Imke","family":"Greving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Appliqu\u00e9e UMR7639, ENSTA, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Lyubomirskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ken Vidar","family":"Falch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, IST Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Silja","family":"Flenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1704-5574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Vigan\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, IST Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Zeitoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Optique Appliqu\u00e9e UMR7639, ENSTA, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, 91762 Palaiseau, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/1527-2648(200108)3:8<539::AID-ADEM539>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"On the application of X-ray microtomography in the field of materials science","volume":"3","author":"Maire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. 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