{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:26:48Z","timestamp":1760232408759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia"},{"name":"FCT"},{"name":"FEDER funds"},{"name":"COMPETE2020 Programme and national funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photonics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose and theoretically demonstrate an optically induced long-period gratings (OLPGs) based core switching technique for multi-core fibers (MCFs). This switching technique is fully reconfigurable in terms of signal wavelength and input\u2013output fiber cores. The switching window and its efficiency can be adjusted by changing the peak power and the shape of the pump pulses, respectively. Switching efficiencies of 76% were found. Furthermore, we also show that the switched signal can be reshaped by tuning the shape of the pump pulses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics9110824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1667447587000},"page":"824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Core Switch Using Optically Induced Long-Period Gratings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3828-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2417-6743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Fac\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade de Aveiro and I3N, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2662082","article-title":"From Scaling Disparities to Integrated Parallelism: A Decathlon for a Decade","volume":"35","author":"Winzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryf, R. (2014, January 21\u201325). SDM components and MIMO experiments in multimode and multicore fibers. Proceedings of the European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), Cannes, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ECOC.2014.6964244"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39058","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39058","article-title":"Reconfigurable SDM switching using novel silicon photonic integrated circuit","volume":"6","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.2011.2171919","article-title":"Nonlinear Switching of Ultrashort Pulses in Multicore Fibers","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum. Electron."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2945178","article-title":"Reconfigurable Inter-Core Signal Switching within Multicore Fibers Based on Long-Period Gratings","volume":"37","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2016.2573738","article-title":"Core\/Wavelength Selective Switching Based on Heterogeneous MCFs with LPGs","volume":"28","author":"Rocha","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26313","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.026313","article-title":"Switching in multicore fibers using flexural acoustic waves","volume":"23","author":"Fernandes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. 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B"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"373","article-title":"A numerical and theoretical study of certain nonlinear wave phenomena","volume":"289","author":"Fornberg","year":"1978","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, G.P. (2000). Nonlinear fiber optics. Nonlinear Science at the Dawn of the 21st Century, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46629-0_9"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2014.2384592","article-title":"All-Optical Packet Alignment Using Polarization Attraction Effect","volume":"27","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6013","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2022.3186809","article-title":"Parametric Amplification and Wavelength Conversion in Dual-Core Highly Nonlinear Fibers","volume":"40","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."}],"container-title":["Photonics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6732\/9\/11\/824\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:09:36Z","timestamp":1760144976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-6732\/9\/11\/824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["photonics9110824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/photonics9110824","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-6732"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2304-6732"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]}}}