{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:31:29Z","timestamp":1774935089130,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020 to CIISA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020 to CIISA"]}]},{"name":"Tecnologia grants","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020 to AL4AnimalS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020 to AL4AnimalS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phycology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macroalgal polysaccharides represent a diverse group of structurally complex biopolymers with significant potential in biomedicine and functional food applications. This review provides a comprehensive examination of their structural features, biological activities, and molecular targets, with an emphasis on precision applications. Key polysaccharides such as alginates, carrageenans, fucoidans, ulvans, and laminarans are highlighted, focusing on their unique chemical backbones, degrees of sulfation, and branching patterns that underlie their bioactivity. Special attention is given to their roles in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, gut microbiota, and metabolic pathways. Comparative assessment of extraction strategies, structure\u2013function relationships, and bioactivity data highlights the importance of tailoring polysaccharide processing methods to preserve bioefficacy. Emerging insights from computational modelling and receptor-binding studies reveal promising interactions with immune and apoptotic signalling cascades, suggesting new therapeutic opportunities. Finally, the review outlines challenges related to standardisation, scalability, and regulatory approval, while proposing avenues for future research toward clinical translation and industrial innovation. By integrating structural biology, pharmacology, and nutraceutical sciences, this work underscores the potential of macroalgal polysaccharides as precision agents in health-promoting formulations and next-generation functional foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/phycology5040058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:47:08Z","timestamp":1760104028000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Marine Macroalgal Polysaccharides as Precision Tools for Health and Nutrition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-5987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. M.","family":"Prates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Av. da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4660-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ezzaitouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2666-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Guil-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics (2021). 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