{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:56:29Z","timestamp":1774317389884,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiologia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Beetroot juice is a popular nutritional resource in sports due to its ergogenic effects, promoting vasodilation, hypotension, improved energy efficiency, and reduced oxygen cost. However, its role in modulating the autonomic nervous system during strength training remains understudied. This study assessed the effects of acute nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses to flywheel resistance exercise. Methods: Fifteen male participants (age 22 \u00b1 3.64 years) from the Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa completed a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Each participant consumed either 400 mg of standardized nitrate or a placebo before performing 4 sets of 8\u201312 repetitions at 100% of their maximum concentric strength using a leg extension exercise, with 90 s recovery intervals. Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and subjective perception of effort were measured after each set. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23, employing the Shapiro\u2013Wilk normality test, t-test for related samples, and MANOVA with time and supplement factors. Results: NO3\u2212 supplementation led to a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) during exercise compared to the placebo and reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the last set, reflecting decreased peripheral vascular resistance. However, no significant effects were observed for heart rate, rate\u2013pressure product, oxygen saturation, time under tension, or subjective perception of effort. Conclusions: These findings suggest that NO3\u2212 supplementation can offer cardiovascular benefits by attenuating blood pressure increases during strength training, highlighting its potential as a low-risk ergogenic aid for healthy young men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/physiologia5030020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T05:00:37Z","timestamp":1751259637000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute Effects of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Responses to Flywheel Resistance Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mateus Chaves","family":"Primo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00cdtalo Santiago Alves","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Florestal Campus, Florestal 35690-000, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7446-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Silveira","family":"Goulart-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Florestal Campus, Florestal 35690-000, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Wanderson Matheus Lopes","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3012-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano Bernardes","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, 4560-547 Penafiel, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Sports, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo C.","family":"Calhelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Alameda Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4467-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9000-5419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Higher School of Elvas, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center (LQRC-CIEQV), 2001-964 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0516-6408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro Fernandes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Claudia Eliza Patroc\u00ednio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa Campus, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvaldo Costa","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Lavras-UFLA, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Florestal Campus, Florestal 35690-000, MG, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"San Juan, A.F., Dominguez, R., Lago-Rodr\u00edguez, \u00c1., Montoya, J.J., Tan, R., and Bailey, S.J. 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