{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:27:42Z","timestamp":1760239662545,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020 and UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020 and UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Union, Marie Curie International Research Staff","award":["PEOPLE MC-IRSES, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IRSES, PIRSES-GA-2011-295251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEOPLE MC-IRSES, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IRSES, PIRSES-GA-2011-295251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plants and their constituents have been used to treat diverse ailments since time immemorial. Many plants are used in diverse external and internal formulations (infusions, alcoholic extracts, essential oils (EOs), etc.) in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases, such as those affecting the respiratory tract or causing gastrointestinal or joint problems, among others. To support the traditional uses of plant extracts, EOs have been assessed for their alleged anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of EOs on the release of cytokines and chemokines has been much less reported. Considering their traditional use and commercial relevance in Portugal and Angola, this study evaluated the effect of EOs on the in vitro inhibition of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1 cells). Twenty EOs extracted from eighteen species from seven families, namely from Amaranthaceae (Dysphania ambrosioides), Apiaceae (Foeniculum vulgare), Asteraceae (Brachylaena huillensis, Solidago virgaurea), Euphorbiaceae (Spirostachys africana), Lamiaceae (Lavandula luisieri, Mentha cervina, Origanum majorana, Satureja montana, Thymbra capitata, Thymus mastichina, Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis subsp. zygis), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii, Eucalyptus radiata, Eucalyptus viminalis) and Pinaceae (Pinus pinaster) were assayed for the release of CCL2 and TNF-\u03b1 by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. B. huillensis, S. africana, S. montana, Th. mastichina and Th. vulgaris EOs showed toxicity to THP-1 cells, at the lowest concentration tested (10 \u03bcg\/mL), using the tetrazolium dye assay. The most active EOs in reducing TNF-\u03b1 release by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells were those of T. capitata (51% inhibition at 20 \u03bcg\/mL) and L. luisieri (15\u201323% inhibition at 30 \u03bcg\/mL and 78\u201383% inhibition at 90 \u03bcg\/mL). L. luisieri EO induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of CCL2 release by LPS\u2011stimulated THP-1 cells (23%, 54% and 82% inhibition at 10, 30 and 90 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively). These EOs are potentially useful in the management of inflammatory diseases mediated by CCL2 and TNF\u2011\u03b1, such as atherosclerosis and arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1609185783000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of Essential Oils on the Release of TNF-\u03b1 and CCL2 by LPS-Stimulated THP\u20111 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2507-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gra\u00e7a","family":"Miguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Farm\u00e1cia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carina Isabel","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Farm\u00e1cia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produtos Farmac\u00eauticos, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fern\u00e3o","family":"Castro Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produtos Farmac\u00eauticos, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (CBV), DBV, C2, Piso 1, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(03)00379-7","article-title":"The mechanism of action of aspirin","volume":"110","author":"Vane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb. 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