{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:45:23Z","timestamp":1760233523779,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PDR2020","award":["101-030835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101-030835"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\/PIDDAC","award":["UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the implications of Zn enrichment in wheat grains as a function of contrasting genotypes, edaphic conditions and foliar fertilizers. Triticum aestivum L. varieties Roxo and Paiva were grown in four production fields, and sprayed with ZnSO4 (0, 16.20 and 36.40 kg\/ha) Zn-EDTA (0, 6.30 and 12.60 kg\/ha) and Tecnifol Zinc (0, 3.90 and 7.80 kg\/ha). The heterogeneous edaphic conditions of the wheat fields were chemically characterized, it being found that soil properties determine different Zn accumulation in the grains of both genotypes. Foliar spraying enhanced to different extents Zn content in the grains of both genotypes, but the average of enrichment indexes varied among the wheat fields. Zinc mostly accumulated in the embryo and vascular bundle and to a lesser extent in the endosperm. Grain yield and test weight sprayed by ZnSO4 gave the highest values in both genotypes, but the opposite was found for Zn-EDTA. Considering the color parameters, lightness and red\u2013green transitions were found to be a conjunction of genotype characteristics, fertilization types and edaphic conditions prevailing in each field. It is concluded that the index of Zn enrichment in wheat grains is a docket of edaphic conditions, genotype and type of fertilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T03:31:30Z","timestamp":1611286290000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Zinc Enrichment in Two Contrasting Genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. Grains: Interactions between Edaphic Conditions and Foliar Fertilizers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5333-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Carmo","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando C.","family":"Lidon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Campos","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Coelho","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3944-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita F.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Patanita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S\/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"D\u00f4res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, R. Pedro Soares S\/N, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"PlantStress &amp; Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Av. Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"ESEAG-COFAC, Avenida do Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6875-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Estrada de Gil Vaz 6, 7351-901 Elvas, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel P.","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Henrique","family":"Reboredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Legoinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys-UNL, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Roberta G.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys-UNL, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Scotti","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables, United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division. Working Paper No. ESA\/P\/WP.241."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2018.12.008","article-title":"Building bridges between agribusiness innovation and smallholder farmers: A review","volume":"20","author":"Gaffney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. 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