{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T18:31:21Z","timestamp":1776796281112,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/116801\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/116801\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138187\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138187\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/100865\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/100865\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extreme climate events are increasingly frequent, and the 2017 summer was particularly critical in the Mediterranean region. Olive is one of the most important species of this region, and these climatic events represent a threat to this culture. However, it remains unclear how olive trees adjust the antioxidant enzymatic system and modulate the metabolite profile under field stress conditions. Leaves from two distinct adjacent areas of an olive orchard, one dry and the other hydrated, were harvested. Tree water status, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, and phenolic and lipophilic metabolite profiles were analyzed. The environmental conditions of the 2017 summer caused a water deficit in olive trees of the dry area, and this low leaf water availability was correlated with the reduction of long-chain alkanes and fatty acids. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2\u2022\u2013) levels increased in the trees collected from the dry area, but lipid peroxidation did not augment. The antioxidant response was predominantly marked by guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity that regulates the H2O2 harmful effect and by the action of flavonoids (luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) that may act as reactive oxygen species scavengers. Secoiridoids adjustments may also contribute to stress regulation. This work highlights for the first time the protective role of some metabolite in olive trees under field drought conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T23:05:11Z","timestamp":1617318311000},"page":"684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Antioxidant Adjustments of Olive Trees (Olea Europaea) under Field Stress Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5440-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1695-2762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Mariz-Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-0600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana C. G. A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur M. S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3083-6218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Celeste","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAOSTAT (2021, January 04). Production Share of Olives by Region for 2017. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QC\/visualize."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P.H.-O., P\u00f6rtner, D., Roberts, J., Skea, P.R., Shukla, A., Pirani, W., Moufouma-Okia, C., P\u00e9an, R., and Pidcock, S. (2018). Global Warming of 1.5 \u00b0C. An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5 \u00b0C above Pre-Industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, IPCC."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haworth, M., Marino, G., Brunetti, C., Killi, D., De Carlo, A., and Centritto, M. (2018). The Impact of Heat Stress and Water Deficit on the Photosynthetic and Stomatal Physiology of Olive (Olea europaea L.)\u2014A Case Study of the 2017 Heat Wave. Plants, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants7040076"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez, J.E., Diaz-Espejo, A., Romero, R., Hernandez-Santana, V., Garc\u00eda, J.M., Padilla-D\u00edaz, C.M., and Cuevas, M.V. (2018). Precision Irrigation in Olive (Olea europaea L.) Tree Orchards. Water Scarcity Sustain. Agric. Semiarid Environ., 179\u2013217.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813164-0.00009-0"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-019-03109-2","article-title":"Responses of olive plants exposed to different irrigation treatments in combination with heat shock: Physiological and molecular mechanisms during exposure and recovery","volume":"249","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00427","article-title":"Facing climate change: Biotechnology of iconic mediterranean woody crops","volume":"10","author":"Fotopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2018.01.004","article-title":"UV-B radiation modulates physiology and lipophilic metabolite profile in Olea europaea","volume":"222","author":"Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2019.03.036","article-title":"Heat shock and UV-B episodes modulate olive leaves lipophilic and phenolic metabolite profiles","volume":"133","author":"Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127191","article-title":"Modulation of phenolic and lipophilic compounds of olive fruits in response to combined drought and heat","volume":"329","author":"Valente","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/86124","article-title":"Effect of Three Irrigation Frequencies on Physiological-Biological Aspects of Young Olive Trees (Olea europaea L. cvs \u2018Koroneiki\u2019 and \u2018Picholine\u2019): Vegetative Growth, Leaf Turgor Pressure, and Fluorescence","volume":"28","author":"Sghaier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2012.07.014","article-title":"Effect of water deficit on leaf phenolic composition, gas exchange, oxidative damage and antioxidant activity of four Greek olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars","volume":"60","author":"Petridis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2018.04.004","article-title":"The role of nighttime water balance on Olea europaea plants subjected to contrasting water regimes","volume":"226","author":"Brito","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, F., Leal Filho, W., and Azeiteiro, U. (2018). Can young olive plants overcome heat shock?. Theory and Practice of Climate Adaptation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72874-2"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2019.112199","article-title":"The antioxidant system in Olea europaea to enhanced UV-B radiation also depends on flavonoids and secoiridoids","volume":"170","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2014.06.021","article-title":"Mechanisms of oxidative stress in plants: From classical chemistry to cell biology","volume":"109","author":"Demidchik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.02.005","article-title":"Lead induces oxidative stress in Pisum sativum plants and changes the levels of phytohormones with antioxidant role","volume":"137","author":"Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-015-0102-9","article-title":"Ultraviolet-B radiation or heat cause changes in photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities and pollen performance in olive tree","volume":"53","author":"Koubouris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2010.07.016","article-title":"The biosynthesis of flavonoids is enhanced similarly by UV radiation and root zone salinity in L. vulgare leaves","volume":"168","author":"Agati","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-018-0549-1","article-title":"Photosynthetic physiological performance and proteomic profiling of the oleaginous algae Scenedesmus acuminatus reveal the mechanism of lipid accumulation under low and high nitrogen supplies","volume":"138","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2013.03.014","article-title":"Functional roles of flavonoids in photoprotection: New evidence, lessons from the past","volume":"72","author":"Agati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14023540","article-title":"Flavonoids as antioxidants and developmental regulators: Relative significance in plants and humans","volume":"14","author":"Brunetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"92","article-title":"Phenolic compounds in olive leaves: Analytical determination, biotic and abiotic influence, and health benefits","volume":"77","author":"Talhaoui","year":"2015","journal-title":"FRIN"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3375-9","article-title":"Photosynthesis light-independent reactions are sensitive biomarkers to monitor lead phytotoxicity in a Pb-tolerant Pisum sativum cultivar","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2012.01.007","article-title":"Salinity-induced changes in phenolic compounds in leaves and roots of four olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) and their relationship to antioxidant activity","volume":"79","author":"Petridis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andjelkovic, V. (2017). Plant Metabolomics in a Changing World: Metabolite Responses to Abiotic Stress Combinations. Plant, Abiotic Stress and Responses to Climate Change, InTech.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.69916"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12797","article-title":"Abiotic and biotic stress combinations","volume":"203","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"e00405","article-title":"Clarity on frequently asked questions about drought measurements in plant physiology","volume":"8","author":"Ogbaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Afr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2016.01.010","article-title":"Phytohormones and their metabolic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants","volume":"4","author":"Wani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crop. J."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (2017). Balan\u00e7o Clim\u00e1tico Preliminar do ano de 2017, Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2006.10.003","article-title":"Changes in growth, gas exchange, xylem hydraulic properties and water use efficiency of three olive cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes","volume":"60","author":"Bacelar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(92)83716-C","article-title":"Surface waxes from olive fruits","volume":"31","author":"Bianchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201400406","article-title":"Differences in n-alkane profiles between olives and olive leaves as potential indicators for the assessment of olive leaf presence in virgin olive oils","volume":"117","author":"Mihailova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2013.04.003","article-title":"Water relations, biochemical\u2014Physiological and yield responses of olive trees (Olea europaea L. cvs. Arbequina and Manzanilla) under drought stress during the pre-flowering and flowering period","volume":"125","author":"Pierantozzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcr121","article-title":"Mannitol transport and mannitol dehydrogenase activities are coordinated in Olea europaea under salt and osmotic stresses","volume":"52","author":"Conde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.08.002","article-title":"ROS Are Good","volume":"22","author":"Mittler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-006-9088-1","article-title":"Physiological behaviour, oxidative damage and antioxidative protection of olive trees grown under different irrigation regimes","volume":"292","author":"Bacelar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1071\/FP04003","article-title":"Antioxidant defences in olive trees during drought stress: Changes in activity of some antioxidant enzymes","volume":"32","author":"Sofo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Funct. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-12-293-2008","article-title":"The olive tree: A paradigm for drought tolerance in Mediterranean climates","volume":"12","author":"Sofo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Chen, Q., Ci, D., Shao, X., and Zhang, D. (2014). Effects of high temperature on photosynthesis and related gene expression in poplar. BMC Plant Biol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-14-111"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00570","article-title":"Cross talk between H2O2 and interacting signal molecules under plant stress response","volume":"7","author":"Saxena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiling of linolenic acid-responsive genes in ROS signaling from RNA-seq data in Arabidopsis","volume":"6","author":"Luque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2017.11.004","article-title":"Jasmonates in plants under abiotic stresses: Crosstalk with other phytohormones matters","volume":"145","author":"Per","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12440","DOI":"10.1021\/jf102827m","article-title":"Phenol metabolism in the leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cv. Picual, Verdial, Arbequina, and Frantoio during ripening","volume":"58","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10064","article-title":"Olive tree physiology and chemical composition of fruits are modulated by different deficit irrigation strategies","volume":"100","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/plants1010027","article-title":"First Phytochemical Evidence of Chemotypes for the Seagrass Zostera noltii","volume":"1","author":"Rezzonico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14950","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140714950","article-title":"Plant flavonoids-biosynthesis, transport and involvement in stress responses","volume":"14","author":"Petrussa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8858","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18088858","article-title":"Glutathione and the antioxidant potential of binary mixtures with flavonoids: Synergisms and antagonisms","volume":"18","author":"Pereira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.09.001","article-title":"Biological activities of the natural antioxidant oleuropein: Exceeding the expectation\u2014A mini-review","volume":"18","author":"Hassen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.808","article-title":"Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by the plant phenols genistein and oleuropein","volume":"20","author":"Kruk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsimidou, M.Z. (2013). Analytical Methodologies: Phenolic Compounds Related to Olive Oil Taste Issues. Handbook of Olive Oil: Analysis and Properties, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7777-8_9"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12924","DOI":"10.1021\/jf103083u","article-title":"Metabolites involved in oleuropein accumulation and degradation in fruits of Olea europaea L.: Hojiblanca and Arbequina varieties","volume":"58","author":"Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60059","article-title":"Novel Secoiridoid Glucosides in Olea europaea Leaves Suffering from Boron Deficiency","volume":"70","author":"Karioti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11339","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04719","article-title":"Physiological and metabolite reconfiguration of Olea europaea to cope and recover from a heat or high UV-B shock","volume":"68","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-11-1633-2007","article-title":"Updated world map of the K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification","volume":"11","author":"Peel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","article-title":"World Map of the K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification updated","volume":"15","author":"Kottek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meteorol. Z."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/32.1.79","article-title":"Drought tolerance in two mosses: Correlated with enzymatic defence against lipid peroxidation","volume":"32","author":"Dhindsa","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10535-005-0048-z","article-title":"Changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and oxidative stress by abscisic acid and salicylic acid in wheat genotypes","volume":"49","author":"Agarwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1080\/00021369.1974.10861301","article-title":"Catalase Activities of Hydrocarbon-utilizing Candida Yeasts","volume":"38","author":"Teranishi","year":"1974","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"867","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts","volume":"22","author":"Nakano","year":"1981","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00fctter, J. (1974). Peroxidases. Methods Enzym. Anal., 685\u2013690.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-091302-2.50033-5"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02957.x","article-title":"Role of superoxide, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase in membrane perturbation during loss of viability in seeds of Shorea robusta Gaertn.f","volume":"126","author":"Chaitanya","year":"1994","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-006-9000-2","article-title":"A simple colorimetric method for determination of hydrogen peroxide in plant tissues","volume":"49","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/10\/4\/684\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:33:33Z","timestamp":1760362413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/10\/4\/684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["plants10040684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants10040684","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}}}