{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T14:51:02Z","timestamp":1774018262901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EAT-EAT\/110826\/2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EAT-EAT\/110826\/2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFA\/BD\/4824\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFA\/BD\/4824\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/BIA\/00329\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/BIA\/00329\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Botanical gardens have long contributed to plant science and have played a leading role in ex situ conservation, namely of threatened tree species. Focusing on the three botanical gardens of Lisbon (i.e., Botanical Garden of Ajuda\u2014JBA, Lisbon Botanical Garden\u2014JBL, and Tropical Botanical Garden\u2014JBT), this study aims to reveal their natural heritage and to understand the historical motivations for their creation. Our results showed that these gardens contain a total of 2551 tree specimens, corresponding to 462 taxa, within 80 plant families. Of these, 85 taxa are found in the three gardens, and more than half of the taxa are hosted in JBL (334 taxa), whereas 230 and 201 taxa were recorded in JBT and JBA, respectively. The motivations for the creation of each garden are reflected in the different geographic origins of the trees they host in their living collections. The Palearctic species are dominant in JBA and JBL, and Tropical trees prevail in JBT. With more than 250 years of history, these gardens hold an invaluable natural and historical heritage, with their living collections providing valuable sources of information for the conservation of threatened plant species, at local and global scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10071367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:35:22Z","timestamp":1625438122000},"page":"1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Natural and Historical Heritage of the Lisbon Botanical Gardens: An Integrative Approach with Tree Collections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0536-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO\/InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2108-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO\/InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Jardim Bot\u00e2nico da Ajuda, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Cal\u00e7ada da Ajuda, 1300-011 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-9002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Brilhante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3860-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ars\u00e9nio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Cal\u00e7ada da Ajuda, 1300-011 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8222-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila","family":"Esp\u00edrito-Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9373-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Romeiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1340-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127609","article-title":"Global biodiversity conservation priorities","volume":"313","author":"Brooks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(00)00037-2","article-title":"Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems","volume":"48","author":"Savard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Landsc. 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