{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:19:45Z","timestamp":1772770785448,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04035\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04035\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00239\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/FIS\/04559\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/04559\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the elemental composition of fifteen algae-based supplements commonly sold in the Portuguese market, by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Despite the fact that the majority of Kelp samples were a good source of iodine, the levels observed might well contribute to an excess in the human body, which can cause dysfunction of the thyroid gland. Furthermore, the presence of lead in Sea spaghetti, Arame, Hijiki and Wakame caused a considerable risk to public health vis a vis possible ingestion of a high daily dose. Regarding arsenic, great variability was observed in all the samples with concentrations equal to or above 60 \u03bcg\/g in the case of Arame, KelpJ and Hijiki. Although algae mainly accumulate organic arsenic, some also contain high levels of its inorganic form, as is commonly pointed out for Hijiki. Thus, regular ingestion of these supplements must also take into account the mentioned facts. There is no doubt that these supplements are also good sources of other nutrients, but the lack of accurate regulations and control should alert consumers to avoid indiscriminate use of these types of products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10102041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:38:09Z","timestamp":1632865089000},"page":"2041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Elemental Composition of Algae-Based Supplements by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando H.","family":"Reboredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria F.","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando C.","family":"Lidon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Av. Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta G.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPHYS-UNL, Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESEAG-COFAC, Avenida do Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P., UTI\u2014Unidade de Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPHYS-UNL, Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Arasaki, S., and Arasaki, T. 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