{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:28:19Z","timestamp":1770748099724,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/ATPARP\/5826\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/ATPARP\/5826\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bryophytes are poikilohydric organisms that play a key role in ecosystems, while some of them are also resistant to drought and environmental disturbances but present a slow growth rate. Moss culture in the laboratory can be a very useful tool for ecological restoration or the development of urban green spaces (roof and wall) in the Mediterranean region. Therefore, we aim to: (i) determine the optimal culture conditions for the growth of four moss species present in the Mediterranean climate, such as Bryum argenteum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Tortella nitida, and Tortella squarrosa; (ii) study the optimal growth conditions of the invasive moss Campylopus introflexus to find out if it can be a threat to native species. Photoperiod does not seem to cause any recognisable pattern in moss growth. However, temperature produces more linear but slower growth at 15 \u00b0C than at 20 and 25 \u00b0C. In addition, the lower temperature produced faster maximum cover values within 5\u20138 weeks, with at least 60% of the culture area covered. The study concludes that the culture of moss artificially in the organic gardening substrate without fertilisers is feasible and could be of great help for further use in environmental projects to restore degraded ecosystems or to facilitate urban green spaces in the Mediterranean area. Moreover, this study concludes that C. introflexus could successfully occupy the niche of other native moss species, especially in degraded areas, in a future global change scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10112523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1637528450000},"page":"2523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Optimising Artificial Moss Growth for Environmental Studies in the Mediterranean Area"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulema","family":"Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRETUS, Ecology Unit, Department Functional Biology, Facultade de Biolox\u00eda, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology Unit, Department Functional Biology, Escola Polit\u00e9cnica Superior de Enxe\u00f1ar\u00eda (EPSE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, R\u00faa Benigno Ledo, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8434-1974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa Afonso","family":"do Pa\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food\u2014Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4612-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cruz de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edif\u00edcio C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010323001006","article-title":"Physiological variation among native and exotic winter annual plants associated with microbiotic crusts in the Mojave Desert","volume":"234","author":"DeFalco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, M., and Pritchard, H.W. 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