{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T13:20:05Z","timestamp":1777296005351,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-028724"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impacts of a rapidly changing environment together with the growth in global trade activities has promoted new plant pest pandemic events in forest ecosystems. The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes strong worldwide economic and ecological impacts. Direct control is performed through trunk injection of powerful nematicides, however many of these (hemi)synthetic compounds have raised ecological and human health concerns for affecting non-target species and accumulating in food products. As sustainable alternatives, essential oils (EOs) have shown very promising results. In this work, available literature on the direct activity of EOs against PWN is reviewed, as a contribution to advance the search for safer and greener biopesticides to be used in sustainable PWD pest management strategies. For the first time, important parameters concerning the bioassays performed, the PWNs bioassayed, and the EOs used are summarized and comparatively analyzed. Ultimately, an overview of the chemical composition of the most active EOs allowed to uncover preliminary guidelines for anti-PWN EO efficiency. The analysis of important information on the volatile phytochemicals composing nematicidal EOs provides a solid basis to engineer sustainable biopesticides capable of controlling the PWN under an integrated pest management framework and contributes to improved forest health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T02:34:05Z","timestamp":1638326045000},"page":"2614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Phytochemicals as Biopesticides against the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: A Review on Essential Oils and Their Volatiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge M. S.","family":"Faria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV, I.P., National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, \u00c9vora University, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5660-2877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, \u00c9vora University, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3865-5358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia S. L.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV, I.P., National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, \u00c9vora University, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (CBV), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, DBV, C2, Piso 1, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4145-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NemaLab-MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, \u00c9vora University, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7002-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235773","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235773","article-title":"The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services","volume":"342","author":"Boyd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00992","article-title":"Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes by filamentous fungi inducers of resistance: Trichoderma, mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi","volume":"11","author":"Poveda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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