{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:23:02Z","timestamp":1774459382454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/133519\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/133519\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BAA-AGR\/31798\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BAA-AGR\/31798\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/138186\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/138186\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["857251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fire blight is a severe bacterial plant disease that affects important chain-of-value fruit trees such as pear and apple trees. This disease is caused by Erwinia amylovora, a quarantine phytopathogenic bacterium, which, although highly distributed worldwide, still lacks efficient control measures. The green revolution paradigm demands sustainable agriculture practices, for which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently caught much attention. The goal of this work was to disclose the bioactivity of three peptides mixtures (BP100:RW-BP100, BP100:CA-M, and RW-BP100:CA-M), against three strains of E. amylovora representing distinct genotypes and virulence (LMG 2024, Ea 630 and Ea 680). The three AMPs\u2019 mixtures were assayed at eight different equimolar concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 6 \u03bcM (1:1). Results showed MIC and MBC values between 2.5 and 4 \u03bcM for every AMP mixture and strain. Regarding cell viability, flow cytometry and alamarBlue reduction, showed high reduction (&gt;25%) of viable cells after 30 min of AMP exposure, depending on the peptide mixture and strain assayed. Hypersensitive response in tobacco plants showed that the most efficient AMPs mixtures and concentrations caused low to no reaction of the plant. Altogether, the AMPs mixtures studied are better treatment solutions to control fire blight disease than the same AMPs applied individually.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T02:34:05Z","timestamp":1638326045000},"page":"2637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of Three Antimicrobial Peptides Mixtures to Control the Phytopathogen Responsible for Fire Blight Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5212-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael J.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2014Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3494-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QRural, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, School of Agriculture, 6000-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-3781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6018-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9913-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2014Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Associated Laboratory, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Van der Zwet, T., Orolaza-Halbrendt, N., and Zeller, W. 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