{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T18:11:27Z","timestamp":1769883087757,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Portuguese lavenders remain undervalued in global markets due to the lack of high-quality end-products and scarcity of scientific-based studies validating their bioactive potential. Moreover, chemical variability is frequent in these species, and can compromise both safety and efficacy. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory potential of L. luisieri and L. pedunculata, two highly prevalent species in Portugal, was assessed and correlated with their chemical variability. Representative samples with distinct chemical profiles were selected to assess the anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages. L. luisieri essential oil with low quantities of necrodane derivatives was the most potent at inhibiting NO production. Interestingly, the essential oil was more effective than its main compounds (1,8-cineole and fenchone), assessed alone or in combination. Our results also demonstrated a significant effect of the oil on the expression of the inflammatory proteins (iNOS and pro-IL-1\u03b2) and on the NF-\u03baB pathway. Overall, this study highlights the impact of chemical variability on oils\u2019 efficacy by showing distinct effects among the chemotypes. We also identify L. luisieri essential oil, with low quantities of necrodane derivatives, as the most promising in the mitigation of the inflammatory response, thus corroborating its traditional uses and paving the way for the development of herbal medicinal products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11030370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1643501576000},"page":"370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Anti-Inflammatory Response of Lavandula luisieri and Lavandula pedunculata Essential Oils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Zuzarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5937-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cavaleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9846-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoue, M., Hayashi, S., and Craker, L.E. 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