{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T23:11:24Z","timestamp":1773529884576,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The introduction of irrigation in vineyards of the Mediterranean basin is a matter of debate, in particular in those of the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR), due to the limited number of available studies. Here, we aimed to perform a robust analysis in three consecutive vintages (2018, 2019, and 2020) on the impact of deficit irrigation on the yield, berry quality traits, and metabolome of cv. \u2018Touriga Nacional\u2019. Results showed that in the peaks of extreme drought, irrigation at 30% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (R30) was able to prevent a decay of up to 0.4 MPa of leaf predawn water potential (\u03a8Pd), but irrigation at 70% ETc (R70) did not translate into additional protection against drought stress. Following three seasons of irrigation, the yield was significantly improved in vines irrigated at R30, whereas irrigation at R70 positively affected the yield only in the 2020 season. Berry quality traits at harvest were not significantly changed by irrigation, except for Total Soluble Solids (TSS) in 2018. A UPLC\u2013MS-based targeted metabolomic analysis identified eight classes of compounds, amino acids, phenolic acids, stilbenoid DP1, stilbenoid DP2, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, di-OH- and tri-OH anthocyanins, and showed that anthocyanins and phenolic acids did not change significantly with irrigation. The present study showed that deficit irrigation partially mitigated the severe summer water deficit conditions in the DDR but did not significantly change key metabolites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11060732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T02:10:35Z","timestamp":1646878235000},"page":"732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Grapevine cv. \u2018Touriga Nacional\u2019 during Three Seasons in Douro Region: An Agronomical and Metabolomics Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6340-2256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas L.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto\u2014Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production\/Inov4Agro & DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, University of Porto, Rua da Agr\u00e1ria 747, 4485-646 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7377-8177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Lanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA2106 Biomol\u00e9cules et Biotechnologies V\u00e9g\u00e9tales, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Unlubayir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA2106 Biomol\u00e9cules et Biotechnologies V\u00e9g\u00e9tales, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3002-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thibaut","family":"Munsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA2106 Biomol\u00e9cules et Biotechnologies V\u00e9g\u00e9tales, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, 37200 Tours, France"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Symington Family Estates, Vinhos SA, Travessa Bar\u00e3o de Forrester 86, 4431-901 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Symington Family Estates, Vinhos SA, Travessa Bar\u00e3o de Forrester 86, 4431-901 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro Leal","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Symington Family Estates, Vinhos SA, Travessa Bar\u00e3o de Forrester 86, 4431-901 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Frank S.","family":"Rogerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Symington Family Estates, Vinhos SA, Travessa Bar\u00e3o de Forrester 86, 4431-901 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7157-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana M. P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto\u2014Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production\/Inov4Agro & DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, University of Porto, Rua da Agr\u00e1ria 747, 4485-646 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3040-4095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hern\u00e2ni","family":"Ger\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GreenUPorto\u2014Research Centre on Sustainable Agrifood Production\/Inov4Agro & DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, University of Porto, Rua da Agr\u00e1ria 747, 4485-646 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Jones, G. 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