{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:13:24Z","timestamp":1776896004205,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PDR2020","award":["101-030727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101-030727"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, there is a growing concern about micronutrient deficits in food products, with agronomic biofortification being considered a mitigation strategy. In this context, as Zn is essential for growth and maintenance of human health, a workflow for the biofortification of grapes from the Vitis vinifera variety Fern\u00e3o Pires, which contains this nutrient, was carried out considering the soil properties of the vineyard. Additionally, Zn accumulation in the tissues of the grapes and the implications for some quality parameters and on winemaking were assessed. Vines were sprayed three times with ZnO and ZnSO4 at concentrations of 150, 450, and 900 g ha\u22121 during the production cycle. Physiological data were obtained through chlorophyll a fluorescence data, to access the potential symptoms of toxicity. At harvest, treated grapes revealed significant increases of Zn concentration relative to the control, being more pronounced for ZnO and ZnSO4 in the skin and seeds, respectively. After winemaking, an increase was also found regarding the control (i.e., 1.59-fold with ZnSO4-450 g ha\u22121). The contents of the sugars and fatty acids, as well as the colorimetric analyses, were also assessed, but significant variations were not found among treatments. In general, Zn biofortification increased with ZnO and ZnSO4, without significantly affecting the physicochemical characteristics of grapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11182442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T04:28:55Z","timestamp":1663648135000},"page":"2442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Zinc Biofortification in Vitis vinifera: Implications for Quality and Wine Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Daccak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando C.","family":"Lidon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5333-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Carmo","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Coelho","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3944-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita F.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Campos","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Caleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"PlantStress & Biodiversity Laboratory, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Av. Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505, Oeiras and Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8182-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio E.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"PlantStress & Biodiversity Laboratory, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Av. Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505, Oeiras and Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"PlantStress & Biodiversity Laboratory, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Av. Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505, Oeiras and Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9704-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PlantStress & Biodiversity Laboratory, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Av. Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505, Oeiras and Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta G.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys, Physics Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Scotti","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel P.","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 N.","family":"Semedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0625-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5814-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Almeida Garrett (ESEAG-COFAC), Avenida do Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Legoinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Galhano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-5990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Kullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando H.","family":"Reboredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec Research Center, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Marschner, P. (2012). Marschner\u2019s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, Academic Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"322","article-title":"Zinc in plants\u2014An overview","volume":"24","author":"Tsonev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emir. J. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"38","article-title":"The importance of zinc in plant growth\u2014A review","volume":"5","author":"Rudani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Nat. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hacisalihoglu, G. (2020). Zinc (Zn): The last nutrient in the alphabet and shedding light on Zn efficiency for the future of crop production under suboptimal Zn. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9111471"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"15","article-title":"Heavy metals and their general toxicity on plants","volume":"5","author":"Ackova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Sci. Today"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-019-02215-8","article-title":"Heavy metal stress and responses in plants","volume":"16","author":"Ghori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194149","article-title":"Interaction between copper and zinc and their uptake by Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen","volume":"52","author":"Reboredo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00662","article-title":"Structure, function, regulation and phylogenetic relationship of ZIP family transporters of plants","volume":"11","author":"Krishna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02702-9","article-title":"Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health","volume":"94","author":"Chasapis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0775-1","article-title":"Zinc and human health: An update","volume":"86","author":"Chasapis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wessells, K.R., and Brown, K.H. (2012). Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: Results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050568"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Y., Shohag, M.J., and Yang, X. (2012). Biofortification and bioavailability of rice grain zinc as affected by different forms of foliar zinc fertilization. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045428"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19792","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19792","article-title":"Biofortified indica rice attains iron and zinc nutrition dietary targets in the field","volume":"6","author":"Trijatmiko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.05.189","article-title":"Soil and foliar zinc biofortification in field pea (Pisum sativum L.): Grain accumulation and bioavailability in raw and cooked grains","volume":"212","author":"Poblaciones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S174","DOI":"10.17221\/3275-CJGPB","article-title":"Breeding for enhanced zinc and iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm","volume":"47","author":"Velu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Singh, R.P., and Velu, G. (2022, August 24). Zinc-Biofortified Wheat: Harnessing Genetic Diversity for Improved Nutritional Quality. Science Brief: Biofortification No. 1 (May 2017), CIMMYT, HarvestPlus, and the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Available online: https:\/\/www.harvestplus.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Science-Brief-Biofortification-1_Zinc-Wheat_May2017.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-022-00772-5","article-title":"Biofortification of maize with zinc and its effect on human health","volume":"22","author":"Obaid","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daccak, D., Lidon, F.C., Pessoa, C.C., Lu\u00eds, I.C., Coelho, A.R.F., Marques, A.C., Ramalho, J.C., Silva, M.J., Rodrigues, A.P., and Guerra, M. (2022). Enrichment of grapes with Zinc-efficiency of foliar fertilization with ZnSO4 and ZnO and implications on winemaking. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11111399"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2016.12.001","article-title":"Agronomic biofortification of crops to fight hidden hunger in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"12","author":"Bake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Food Sec."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Gioia, F., Petropoulos, S.A., Ozores-Hampton, M., Morgan, K., and Rosskopf, E.N. (2019). Zinc and iron agronomic biofortification of Brassicaceae microgreens. J. Agron., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9110677"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14726","article-title":"Biofortification with selenium and lithium improves nutraceutical properties of major winery grapes in the Midwestern United States","volume":"56","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591722","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.591722","article-title":"Agronomic biofortification of zinc in Pakistan: Status, benefits, and constraints","volume":"4","author":"Rehman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Agricultura Desenvolvimento Rural (1972). Carta de Capacidade de Uso do Solo de Portugal\u2014Bases e Normas Adoptadas na sua Elabora\u00e7\u00e3o, Minist\u00e9rio da Economia, Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura, Servi\u00e7o de Reconhecimento e de Ordenamento Agr\u00e1rio. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3625-3","article-title":"Metal content in edible crops and agricultural soils due to intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides in Terras da Costa de Caparica (Portugal)","volume":"26","author":"Reboredo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13088","article-title":"Long-term air [CO2] strenghtens photosymthetic functioning and mitigates the impact of supra-optimal temperatures in tropical Coffea arabica and C.  canephora species","volume":"22","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpaa158","article-title":"Intrinsic non-stomatal resilience to drought of the photosynthetic apparatus in Coffea spp. is strengthened by elevated air [CO2]","volume":"41","author":"Semedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcq166","article-title":"Cyclic electron flow plays an important role in photoprotection of tropical trees illuminated at temporal chilling temperature","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"27","article-title":"Complementary PS II quantum yields calculated from simple fluorescence parameters measured by PAM fluorometry and the Saturation Pulse method","volume":"1","author":"Klughammer","year":"2008","journal-title":"PAM Appl. Notes"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PRES.0000015391.99477.0d","article-title":"New flux parameters for the determination of QA redox state and excitation fluxes","volume":"79","author":"Kramer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Krause, G.H., and Jahns, P. (2004). Non-photochemical energy dissipation determined by chlorophyll fluorescence quenching: Characterization and function. Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis, Springer."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Schreiber, U. (2004). Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method: An overview. Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis, Springer."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reboredo, F.H., Pelica, J., Lidon, F.C., Pessoa, M.F., Silva, M.M., Guerra, M., Leit\u00e3o, R., and Ramalho, J.C. (2021). The tolerance of Eucalyptus globulus to soil contamination with arsenic. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10040627"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho, A.R.F., Ramalho, J.C., Lidon, F.C., Marques, A.C., Daccak, D., Pessoa, C.C., Lu\u00eds, I.C., Guerra, M., Leit\u00e3o, R.G., and Semedo, J.M.N. (2022). Foliar spraying of Solanum tuberosum L. with CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2: Interactions with nutrients accumulation in tubers. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11131725"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6844-7","article-title":"Heavy metal content of edible plants collected close to an area of intense mining activity (Southern Portugal)","volume":"190","author":"Reboredo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-9140(84)80141-1","article-title":"Analysis of sediments for heavy-metals by a rapid electrothermal atomic-absorption procedure","volume":"31","author":"Carrondo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/00207238408710160","article-title":"Vertical Distribution of Al, Cu, Fe and Zn in the Soil Salt Marshes of the Sado Estuary, Portugal","volume":"23","author":"Reboredo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740360707","article-title":"Analysis of sugars and organic acids in ripening mango fruits (Mangifera indica L. var Keitt) by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"36","author":"Medlicott","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.10.001","article-title":"Preliminary diversity assessment of an undervalued tropical bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) through fatty acid profiling","volume":"132","author":"Vidigal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"123","article-title":"Plant membrane lipids: Changes and alterations during aging and senescence","volume":"Volume 46","author":"Lieberman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Post-Harvest Physiology and Crop Preservation"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, A.C., Lidon, F.C., Coelho, A.R.F., Pessoa, C.C., Lu\u00eds, I.C., Scotti-Campos, P., Sim\u00f5es, M., Almeida, A.S., Legoinha, P., and Pessoa, M.F. (2020). Quantification and tissue localization of selenium in rice (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae) grains: A perspective of agronomic biofortification. Plants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9121670"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daccak, D., Pessoa, C.C., Coelho, A.R.F., Lu\u00eds, I.C., Marques, A.C., Sim\u00f5es, M., Reboredo, F., Pessoa, M.F., Silva, M.M., and Galhano, C. (2021, January 10\u201312). Influence of Zinc fertilization for physical and chemical parameters and sensory. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2021), Leiria, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-75315-3_20"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09571264.2010.495851","article-title":"Effects of soil and climatic conditions on grape ripening and wine quality of Cabernet Sauvignon","volume":"21","author":"Ubalde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2018.52.2.2208","article-title":"Soil-related terroir factors: A review","volume":"52","author":"Roby","year":"2018","journal-title":"OENO One"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"121","article-title":"Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. How can it be assessed for vineyard management purposes?","volume":"43","author":"Bois","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2010.00121.x","article-title":"Effect of pre- and post-veraison water deficit on proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin accumulation during Shiraz berry development","volume":"17","author":"Guiraud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-011-9254-1","article-title":"Spatial variability in grape yield and quality influenced by soil and crop nutrition characteristics","volume":"13","author":"Rosell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Precis. Agric."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2011.00136.x","article-title":"Variation in vine vigour, grape yield and vineyard soils and topography as indicators of variation in the chemical composition of grapes, wine and wine sensory attributes","volume":"17","author":"Bramley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2017.02.009","article-title":"Iron uptake in vineyard soils and relationships with other elements (Zn, Mn and Ca). The case of Castilla-La Mancha, Central Spain","volume":"88","author":"Bravo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-015-0095-2","article-title":"Vertical distribution and analysis of micro-macroelements and heavy metals in the system soil-grapevine-wine in vineyard from North-West Romania","volume":"9","author":"Bora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0543","article-title":"Relationship between metal speciation in soil solution and metal adsorption at the root surface of ryegrass","volume":"37","author":"Kalis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R., Sun, Q., and Chang, Q. (2015). Soil types effect on grape and wine composition in Helan Mountain area of Ningxia. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116690"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4788","DOI":"10.1021\/jf034145b","article-title":"Multielement composition of wines and their precursors including provenance soil and their potentialities as fingerprints of wine origin","volume":"51","author":"Almeida","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2005.0004","article-title":"The role of soil chemistry in wine grape quality and sustainable soil management in vineyards","volume":"51","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartmann, T.E., Wollmann, I., You, Y., and M\u00fcller, T. (2019). Sensitivity of three phosphate extraction methods to the application of phosphate species differing in immediate plant availability. Agronomy, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9010029"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catarino, S., Madeira, M., Monteiro, F., Caldeira, I., Sousa, R.B., and Curvelo-Garcia, A. (2018). Mineral composition through soil-wine system of Portuguese vineyards and its potential for wine traceability. Beverages, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages4040085"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/ajgw.12016","article-title":"Soil physical and chemical properties as indicators of soil quality in Australian viticulture","volume":"19","author":"Oliver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Longbottom, M. (2009). Managing Grapevine Nutrition in a Changing Environment, Research to Practice Manual, Australian Wine Research Institute."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hazelton, P., Murphy, B., and NSW Department of Natural Resources (2007). Interpreting Soil Test Results: What Do All the Numbers Mean?.","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643094680"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"6480","article-title":"Mineral contents of several grape seeds","volume":"22","author":"Ozcan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2022.100209","article-title":"Application of benchtop total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and chemometrics in classification of origin and type of Croatian wines","volume":"13","author":"Cepo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.1997.tb00118.x","article-title":"Element fingerprinting of Okanagan Valley wines using ICP-MS: Relationships between wine composition vineyard and wine colour","volume":"3","author":"Greenough","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrido, A., Vos, R.C.H.D., Conde, A., and Cunha, A. (2021). Light microclimate-driven changes at transcriptional level in photosynthetic grape berry tissues- photosynthetic grape berry tissues. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10091769"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604691","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.604691","article-title":"Sunburn in grapes: A review","volume":"11","author":"Gambetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12410","article-title":"Differential physiological response of the grapevine varieties Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira to combined heat, drought and light stresses","volume":"18","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2013.07.037","article-title":"Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) \u00d7 ultraviolet radiation (UV) interact to initiate solar injury in apple","volume":"162","author":"Glenn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2004.08.009","article-title":"Reactive oxygen gene network of plants","volume":"9","author":"Mittler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00481","article-title":"Low salinity improves photosynthetic performance in panicum antidotale under drought Stress","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1051\/ctv\/20183302177","article-title":"Strategies for the improvement of fruit set in Vitis vinifera L. cv. \u2018Carm\u00e9n\u00e8re\u2019 through different foliar biostimulants in two different locations","volume":"33","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc. T\u00e9c. Vitivin\u00edc."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"22","article-title":"Additives don\u2019t improve zinc uptake in grapevines","volume":"40","author":"Christensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hilgardia"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374156","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2017.1374156","article-title":"The glucose-fructose ratio of wild Tunisian grapes","volume":"3","author":"Trad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, R.P., Bonghi, C., Varotto, S., Battistelli, A., Burbidge, C.A., Castellarin, S.D., Chen, Z.H., Darriet, P., Moscatello, S., and Rienth, M. (2021). Sucrose metabolism and transport in grapevines, with emphasis on berries and leaves, and insights gained from a cross-species comparison. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157794"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012029","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/792\/1\/012029","article-title":"Comparison of sugars, organic acids and aroma components of five table grapes in Xinjiang","volume":"792","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2007.tb00236.x","article-title":"Quantifying the dynamics of sugar concentration in berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz: A novel approach based on allometric analysis","volume":"13","author":"Sadras","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3390\/beverages1040292","article-title":"From sugar of grape to alcohol of wine: Sensorial impact of alcohol in wine","volume":"1","author":"Vilela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Beverages"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju, Y.-L., Liu, M., Zhao, H., Meng, J.-F., and Fang, Y.-L. (2016). Effect of exogenous abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin composition, fatty acids, and volatile compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grape berries. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101354"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.09.103","article-title":"Fatty acid composition and phenolic antioxidants of winemaking pomace powder","volume":"114","author":"Yi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3, \u00c9., Marosv\u00f6lgyi, T., Szil\u00e1gyi, G., K\u0151r\u00f6si, L., Schmidt, J., Csepregi, K., M\u00e1rk, L., and B\u00f3na, \u00c1. (2021). Correlations between total antioxidant capacity, polyphenol and fatty acid content of native grape seed and pomace of four different grape varieties in Hungary. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071101"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"11","article-title":"Chlorophyll and carotenoid quantifications in white grape (Vitis vinifera L.) skins by reflectance spectroscopy","volume":"55","author":"Rocchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vitis"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8086309","DOI":"10.34133\/2020\/8086309","article-title":"Evaluating and mapping grape color using image-based phenotyping","volume":"2020","author":"Underhill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Phenomics"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian, X., Sun, L., Xu, X.Q., Zhu, B.Q., and Xu, H.Y. (2017). Differential expression of VvLOXA diversifies C6 volatile profiles in some Vitis vinifera table grape cultivars. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122705"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/11\/18\/2442\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:34:36Z","timestamp":1760142876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/11\/18\/2442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["plants11182442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants11182442","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]]}}}