{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:00:37Z","timestamp":1760148037183,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PDR2020","award":["101-030727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101-030727"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One-third of the world\u2019s population is suffering from \u201chidden hunger\u201d due to micronutrient deficiency. Zinc is acquired through diet, leading its deficiency to the development of disorders such as retarded growth, anorexia, infections, and hypogeusia. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop an agronomic workflow for Zn biofortification on two red winegrapes varieties (cv. Castel\u00e3o and Syrah) and determine the physicochemical implications for winemaking. Both varieties produced in Set\u00fabal (Portugal) were submitted to four foliar applications of ZnSO4 or ZnO (900 and 1350 g ha\u22121, respectively), during the production cycle. At harvest, Zn biofortification reached a 4.3- and 2.3-fold increase with ZnO 1350 g ha\u22121 in Castel\u00e3o and Syrah, respectively (although, with ZnSO4 1350 g ha\u22121 both varieties revealed an increase in Zn concentration). On a physiological basis, lower values of NDVI were found in the biofortified grapes, although not reflected in photosynthetic parameters with cv. Syrah shows even a potential benefit with the use of Zn fertilizers. Regarding physical and chemical parameters (density, total soluble solids, dry weight, and color), relative to the control no significant changes in both varieties were observed, being suitable for winemaking. It was concluded that ZnSO4 and ZnO foliar fertilization efficiently increased Zn concentration on both varieties without a negative impact on quality, but cv. Castel\u00e3o showed a better index of Zn biofortification and pointed to a potentially higher quality for winemaking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12071426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T04:37:28Z","timestamp":1679546248000},"page":"1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Two Winegrapes Varieties after Foliar Application of ZnSO4 and ZnO"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Daccak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando C.","family":"Lidon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3944-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita F.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5333-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Carmo","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Coelho","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-3076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Campos","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria da Gra\u00e7a","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-5990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Kullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7639-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9704-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Stress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Scotti","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel P.","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 N.","family":"Semedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. (INIAV), Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2625-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Legoinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Galhano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando H.","family":"Reboredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias da Terra, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Geobioci\u00eancias, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017003202","article-title":"Hidden hunger in South Asia: A review of recent trends and persistent challenges","volume":"21","author":"Harding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1844636","article-title":"A review of micronutrient deficiencies and analysis of maize contribution to nutrient requirements of women and hildren in Eastern and Southern Africa","volume":"62","author":"Galani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. 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