{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:02:18Z","timestamp":1760148138393,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"program PDR2020","award":["PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042697","UIDB\/05183\/2020","LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042697","UIDB\/05183\/2020","LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042697","UIDB\/05183\/2020","LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042697","UIDB\/05183\/2020","LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Article Processing charges (APC)","award":["PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042697","UIDB\/05183\/2020","LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-7.8.4-FEADER-042697","UIDB\/05183\/2020","LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.), an evergreen bush to small tree of the Ericaceae family, is a main component of the natural flora of the Mediterranean basin that also grows profusely through the Iberian Peninsula, southwestern France, and Ireland. The small edible red fruits are usually used to produce preserves, jams, and liquors, as the Portuguese \u201caguardente de medronho\u201d. The leaves and fruits have been used for a long time in traditional medicine, and their bioactive compounds are presently the subject of intense research. A strawberry tree germplasm collection was recently established by the company Corte Velada (Odi\u00e1xere, Portugal). A set of 50 germplasm accessions was selected for a breeding program. A next-generation sequencing project was performed, resulting in the establishment of the first strawberry tree genome assembly and further identification of 500 SSR and 500 SNP loci. Individual molecular fingerprints for the unequivocal identification of the selected 50 accessions were established based on 71 markers alleles amplified by 4 SSR and 9 SNP markers. The same species-specific markers alleles combined with 61 random amplified markers amplified by 5 RAPD and 5 ISSR primers were used to assess the genetic variability and genetic relationships among the selected accessions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12071517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T08:27:27Z","timestamp":1680251247000},"page":"1517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Identified Species-Specific SSR and SNP Markers, Allow the Unequivocal Identification of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Germplasm Accessions and Contribute to Assess Their Genetic Relationships"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7358-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-8550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Post-Graduation in Biotechnology and Biodiversity-Rede Pr\u00f3-Centro Oeste, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, C\u00e1ceres 78200-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4278-0415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2307\/2256540","article-title":"Arbutus unedo L","volume":"38","author":"Sealy","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2004.06.010","article-title":"Production process and characterization of the traditional Greek fruit distillate \u201cKoumaro\u201d by aromatic and mineral composition","volume":"18","author":"Soufleros","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/jfca.1999.0868","article-title":"Sugar, Non-volatile and phenolic acids composition of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L. var. ellipsoidea) fruits","volume":"13","author":"Ayaz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915994","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.915994","article-title":"An Endemic Plant of the Mediterranean Area: Phytochemical Characterization of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Fruits Extracts at Different Ripening Stages","volume":"9","author":"Scarano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14194","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160614194","article-title":"Bioactive phytochemicals from wild Arbutus unedo L. berries from different locations in Portugal: Quantification of lipophilic components","volume":"16","author":"Fonseca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-021-02137-4","article-title":"Seasonal variation of phenolic compounds in Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaves and inhibitory potential on Phytophthora cinnamomi","volume":"35","author":"Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trees"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ait Lhaj, Z., Bchitou, R., Gaboun, F., Abdelwahd, R., Benabdelouahab, T., Kabbour, M.R., Pare, P., Diria, G., and Bakhy, K. (2021). Moroccan strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits: Nutritional value and mineral composition. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10102263"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101266","article-title":"Polyphenolic profile and biological properties of Arbutus unedo root extracts","volume":"42","author":"Mrabti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aoas.2019.05.009","article-title":"Distillates composition obtained of fermented Arbutus unedo L. fruits from different seedlings and clonal plants","volume":"64","author":"Caldeira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.07.004","article-title":"Arbutus unedo L.: From traditional medicine to potential uses in modern pharmacotherapy","volume":"225","author":"Morgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markovinovi\u0107, A.B., Kara\u010donji, I.B., Jurica, K., Lasi\u0107, D., Babojeli\u0107, M.S., Duralija, B., \u017dlabur, J.S., Putnik, P., and Kova\u010devi\u0107, D.B. (2022). Strawberry tree fruits and leaves (Arbutus unedo L.) as raw material for sustainable functional food processing: A review. Hortic., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8100881"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011542","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1011542","article-title":"Genotype determines Arbutus unedo L. physiological and metabolomic responses to drought and recovery","volume":"13","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpr031","article-title":"Fruit production of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) in two Spanish forests","volume":"84","author":"Molina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Sutton, J. (2022, December 22). International Dendrology Society. Arbutus unedo L.. Available online: https:\/\/treesandshrubsonline.org\/articles\/arbutus\/arbutus-unedo\/."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Alberola, F., del Campo, E.M., L\u00e1zaro-Gimeno, D., Mezquita-Claramonte, S., Molins, A., Mateu-Andr\u00e9s, I., Pedrola-Monfort, J., Casano, L.M., and Barreno, E. (2013). Balanced gene losses, duplications and intensive rearrangements led to an unusual regularly sized genome in Arbutus unedo chloroplasts. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079685"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3906\/tar-1807-164","article-title":"Identification and validation of microsatellite markers in strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.)","volume":"43","author":"Fazenda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk. J. Agric. For."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2010.07.031","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population\u2019s structure in Tunisian strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.)","volume":"126","author":"Takrouni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Hort."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.04.031","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Portuguese Arbutus unedo L. populations using leaf traits and molecular markers: An approach for conservation purposes","volume":"142","author":"Lopes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Hort."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-012-0302-0","article-title":"Analysis of genetic relationship among Arbutus unedo L. genotypes using RAPD and SSR markers","volume":"24","author":"Gomes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.01264","article-title":"Population structure of a widespread species under balancing selection: The case of Arbutus unedo L.","volume":"6","author":"Santiso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha44210572","article-title":"Morphometric and molecular analysis of the three Arbutus species of Greece","volume":"44","author":"Bertsouklis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Not. Bot. Horti. Agrobo."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, M.M., Piotti, A., Ricardo, A., Gaspar, D., Costa, R., Parducci, L., and Vendramin, G.G. (2017). Genetic diversity and divergence at the Arbutus unedo L. (Ericaceae) westernmost distribution limit. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175239"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802418803852","article-title":"Molecular markers used in forensic genetics","volume":"58","author":"Kowalczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Law"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/d2010017","article-title":"Discovery and potential of SNP markers in characterization of Tunisian olive germplasm","volume":"2","author":"Hakim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-345","article-title":"A comparative survey of genetic diversity among a set of Caricaceae accessions using microsatellite markers","volume":"2","author":"Sengupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhac119","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhac119","article-title":"Genome-wide core sets of SNP markers and Fluidigm assays for rapid and effective genotypic identification of Korean cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olejnik, A., Parkitna, K., Kozak, B., Florczak, S., Matkowski, J., and Nowosad, K. (2021). Asessment of the genetic diversity of Chrysanthemum cultivars using SSR markers. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11112318"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/agj2.21190","article-title":"Downy mildew resistance and genetic variability in a wild rocket germplasm","volume":"114","author":"Coelho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1017\/S1479262115000337","article-title":"AFLP assessment of the genetic relationships among 12 Thymus taxa occurring in Portugal","volume":"15","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Genet. Resour."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1017\/S147926211400046X","article-title":"Correction of the misclassification of species in the Portuguese collection of Cucurbita pepo L. using DNA markers","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Genet. Resour."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2006.04.001","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris L. genotypes included in Bulgarian collection by ISSR and AFLP analysis","volume":"109","author":"Svetleva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017519920447","article-title":"Comparing RAPD and AFLPTM analysis in discrimination and estimation of genetic similarities among apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars","volume":"119","author":"Cabrita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4238(00)00181-3","article-title":"Suitability of isozyme, RAPD and AFLP markers to assess genetic differences and relatedness among fig (Ficus carica L.) clones","volume":"87","author":"Cabrita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"(2020, March 29). CLC Genomics Workbench 12.0.3, Qiagen (Venlo, The Netherlands). Available online: https:\/\/digitalinsights.qiagen.com."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","article-title":"\u201cQUAST: Quality assessment tool for genome assemblies","volume":"29","author":"Gurevich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9173-0_14","article-title":"BUSCO: Assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness","volume":"1962","author":"Seppey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2023","article-title":"How to apply de Bruijn graphs to genome assembly","volume":"29","author":"Compeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Andrews, S. (2020, March 29). FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data. 2010, Babraham Bioinformatics (Cambridge, UK). Available online: https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babrham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbs012","article-title":"Using Tablet for visual exploration of second-generation sequencing data","volume":"14","author":"Milne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2017.05.005","article-title":"FastPCR: An in silico tool for fast primer and probe design and advanced sequence analysis","volume":"109","author":"Kalendar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3688","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg526","article-title":"NEBcutter: A program to cleave DNA with restriction enzymes","volume":"31","author":"Vincze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-004-1747-0","article-title":"Mapping of a locus for adult plant resistance to downy mildew in broccoli (Brassica oleracea convar. italica)","volume":"109","author":"Coelho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Rohlf, F.J. (2009). NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System, State University of New York Stony Brook. Version 2.2."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.10.5269","article-title":"Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases","volume":"76","author":"Nei","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/12\/7\/1517\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:08:02Z","timestamp":1760123282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/12\/7\/1517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["plants12071517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants12071517","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2223-7747"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]}}}