{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:16:37Z","timestamp":1760148997993,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2013Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese national funds via FCT\u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"]}]},{"name":"individual research grant","award":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/04539\/2020","UIDP\/04539\/2020","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020","2020.06297"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Withania chevalieri, endogenous from Cape Verde, is a medicinal plant used in ethnomedicine with a large spectrum of applications, such as treating skin fungal infections caused by dermatophytes. The aim of this work was to chemically characterize the W. chevalieri crude ethanolic extract (WcCEE), and evaluate its bioactivities as antidermatophytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, as well as its cytotoxicity. WcCEE was chemically characterized via HPLC\u2013MS. The minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal fungicidal concentration, time-kill and checkerboard assays were used to study the antidermatophytic activity of WcCEE. As an approach to the mechanism of action, the cell wall components, \u03b2-1,3-glucan and chitin, and cell membrane ergosterol were quantified. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed for the study of the fungal ultrastructure. WcCEE contained phenolic acids, flavonoids and terpenes. It had a concentration-dependent fungicidal activity, not inducing relevant resistance, and was endowed with synergistic effects, especially terbinafine. TEM showed severely damaged fungi; the cell membrane and cell wall components levels had slight modifications. The extract had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, with low toxicity to non-tumoral cell lines. The results demonstrated the potential of WcCEE as an antidermatophytic agent, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity, to be safely used in pharmaceutical and dermocosmetic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12132502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T16:08:32Z","timestamp":1688141312000},"page":"2502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Chemical Profile, and Antidermatophytic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Withania chevalieri A.E. Gon\u00e7. Ethanolic Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-954X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmilson Emanuel Monteiro","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC-UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3064-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Figueirinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-2409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC-UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7523-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pinela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo C.","family":"Calhelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7865-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC-UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0948-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9347-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC-UC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"FMUC\u2014Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp3.10138","article-title":"Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi","volume":"2","author":"Howes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants People Planet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.125531","article-title":"Plants used to treat skin diseases","volume":"8","author":"Tabassum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. 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