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(ERDF)","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146720\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146720\/2019"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UCM\/572725\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCM\/572725\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-069584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0247-FEDER-069584"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maritime pine, scientifically known as Pinus pinaster, holds a vital role in Iberian Peninsula forests, primarily as a source of wood for panels, paper, and cellulose production. Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilising agroforestry by-products to yield valuable chemicals for applications in various sectors, including the food, pharmaceutical, and bioenergy industries. This study aimed to assess the value of the primary by-product of Pinus pinaster from the Minho region of northwestern Portugal, i.e., the bark. The research extensively examined the bark\u2019s chemical and thermal characteristics, including ash content, extractives, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, fatty acids, and mineral composition. Additionally, various analytical techniques like FTIR, SEM, DSC, DTG, and XRD were used to observe chemical structure differences. The results reveal that the Pinus pinaster bark primarily consists of lignin (51.15%) and holocellulose (46.09%), with extractives mainly soluble in toluene\u2013ethanol, followed by water, and a small amount of them are soluble in ethanol. The bark contained around 0.44% ash, and heavy metals such as Cd and Pb were not found. During degradation, Pinus pinaster experienced a 10% mass loss at 140 \u00b0C. In terms of crystallinity, holocellulose and cellulose showed similar percentages at approximately 25.5%, while \u03b1-cellulose displayed the highest crystallinity index at 41%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12233940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T10:41:51Z","timestamp":1700649711000},"page":"3940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Chemical Characterisation of the Maritime Pine Bark Cultivated in Northern Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EDIUS\u2014International PhD School of the USC, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTG-IPVC\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida Atl\u00e2ntico, 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"\u00c9lia","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTG-IPVC\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida Atl\u00e2ntico, 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8625-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meirielly","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTG-IPVC\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida Atl\u00e2ntico, 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-2631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"Alonso-Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, s\/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Carretera Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, 28805 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2075-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preciosa","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTG-IPVC\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida Atl\u00e2ntico, 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4825-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Vaz Velho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c1lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTG-IPVC\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida Atl\u00e2ntico, 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2809","article-title":"Bark Extractives and Suberin Monomers from Arbutus andrachne and Platanus 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