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(sea fennel), an edible xerophyte of coastal habitats, is considered an emerging cash crop for biosaline agriculture due to its salt-tolerance ability and potential applications in the agri-food sector. Here, the nutritional value and bioactive properties of sea fennel are described. Sea fennel leaves, flowers, and schizocarps are composed of carbohydrates (&gt;65%) followed by ash, proteins, and lipids. Sea fennel\u2019s salty, succulent leaves are a source of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. Extracts obtained from flowers and fruits\/schizocarps are rich in antioxidants and polyphenols and show antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis. Plant material is particularly rich in sodium (Na) but also in other nutritionally relevant minerals, such as calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), beyond presenting a potential prebiotic effect on Lactobacillus bulgaricus and being nontoxic to human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 model cells, up to 1.0% (w\/v). Hence, the rational use of sea fennel can bring nutrients, aroma, and flavor to culinary dishes while balancing microbiomes and contributing to expanding the shelf life of food products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13030427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T09:56:34Z","timestamp":1706694994000},"page":"427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Nutritive Value and Bioactivities of a Halophyte Edible Plant: Crithmum maritimum L. (Sea Fennel)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Iris","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2451-1406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Tecel\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Tourism and Marine Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1553-4745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Tourism and Marine Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9098-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana L.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3578-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2013Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), ESTG-IPLeiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2013Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8598-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cla\u00fadia C.","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9934-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cid\u00e1lia D.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Reboredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBioTec, FCT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3076-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9128-2557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui M. M.","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia S.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2013Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), ESTG-IPLeiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2013Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7562-4676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela C.","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering\u2013Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), ESTG-IPLeiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2013Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0883-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jorge","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Tourism and Marine Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161806","article-title":"Soil physicochemical properties associated with the yield and phytochemical composition of the edible halophyte Crithmum maritimum","volume":"869","author":"Moreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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