{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:50:51Z","timestamp":1777038651678,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Convention de coop\u00e9ration CNRST-Morocco\/FCT-Portugal, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Techniques","award":["PPR 22\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR 22\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Convention de coop\u00e9ration CNRST-Morocco\/FCT-Portugal, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Techniques","award":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"]}]},{"name":"Convention de coop\u00e9ration CNRST-Morocco\/FCT-Portugal, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Techniques","award":["N\u00b01607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b01607"]}]},{"name":"Convention de coop\u00e9ration CNRST-Morocco\/FCT-Portugal, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Techniques","award":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation","award":["PPR 22\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR 22\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation","award":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation","award":["N\u00b01607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b01607"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation","award":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Morocco","award":["PPR 22\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR 22\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Morocco","award":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"]}]},{"name":"Morocco","award":["N\u00b01607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b01607"]}]},{"name":"Morocco","award":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PPR 22\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPR 22\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(MESRSI)\/DRSI"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["N\u00b01607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b01607"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIMA\/0002\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The implementation of phytoremediation strategies under arid and semiarid climates requires the use of appropriate plant species capable of withstanding multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of organo-mineral amendments and microbial inoculants on the chemical and biological properties of mine tailings, as well as on the growth of native plant species under drought stress conditions. Plants were cultivated in pots containing 1 kg of a mixture of mine tailings and topsoil (i.e., pre-mined superficial soil) in a 60:40 ratio, 6% marble sludge, and 10% sheep manure. Moreover, a consortium of four drought-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was inoculated. Three irrigation levels were applied: well-watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit, corresponding to 80%, 45%, and 30% of field capacity, respectively. The addition of topsoil and organo-mineral amendments to mine tailings significantly improved their chemical and biological properties, which were further enhanced by bacterial inoculation and plants\u2019 establishment. Water stress negatively impacted enzymatic activities in amended tailings, resulting in a significant decrease in acid and alkaline phosphatases, urease, and dehydrogenase activities. Similar results were obtained for bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete abundance. PGPR inoculation positively influenced the availability of phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic carbon, while it increased alkaline phosphatase, urease (by about 10%), and dehydrogenase activity (by 50%). The rhizosphere of Peganum harmala showed the highest enzymatic activity and number of culturable microorganisms, especially in inoculated treatments. Severe water deficit negatively affected plant growth, leading to a 40% reduction in the shoot biomass of both Atriplex\u00a0halimus and Pennisetum setaceum compared to well-watered plants. P. harmala showed greater tolerance to water stress, evidenced by lower decreases observed in root and shoot length and dry weight compared to well-watered plants. The use of bioinoculants mitigated the negative effects of drought on P. harmala shoot biomass, resulting in an increase of up to 75% in the aerial biomass in plants exposed to severe water deficit. In conclusion, the results suggest that the combination of organo-mineral amendments, PGPR inoculation, and P.\u00a0harmala represents a promising approach to enhance the phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils under semiarid conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13060863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1710749849000},"page":"863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enhancing Native Plant Establishment in Mine Tailings under Drought Stress Conditions through the Application of Organo-Mineral Amendments and Microbial Inoculants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Madline","family":"Atika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Bioressources et S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Gu\u00e9liz, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Benidire","family":"Leila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Bioressources et S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Gu\u00e9liz, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"},{"name":"Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure de Technologie El Kel\u00e2a des Sraghna, Universit\u00e9 Cadi Ayyad, Route de B\u00e9ni Mellal Km 8 B.P 104, El Kelaa des Sraghna 43000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5897-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia I. A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula M. L.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6036-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boularbah","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Bioressources et S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Gu\u00e9liz, Marrakech 40000, Morocco"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Soil and Africa Research in Africa, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique (UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.07.034","article-title":"Phytotoxicity of polymetallic mine wastes from southern Tuscany and Saxony","volume":"162","author":"Franzaring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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