{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:08:08Z","timestamp":1760144888516,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"LEAF Exploratory Project MicroBerry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014181","name":"Regional Mobility Programme of the Junta de Extremadura","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Youth Employment Programme of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Government of Spain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/AGR\/04129\/2019","UIDP\/04129\/2020","DL57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0024","MOV19A017","PEJ2018-004265-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate-change-related increases in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves affect viticulture, leading to losses in yield and grape quality. We assessed whether canopy-architecture manipulation mitigates the effects of summer stress in a Mediterranean vineyard. The Vitis vinifera L variety Muscat of Alexandria plants were monitored during 2019\u20132020. Two canopy shoot-positioning treatments were applied: vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and modulated shoot positioning (MSP). In MSP, the west-side upper foliage was released to promote partial shoot leaning, shading the clusters. Clusters were sampled at pea size (PS), veraison (VER), and full maturation (FM). Measurements included rachis anatomy and hydraulic conductance (Kh) and aquaporins (AQP) and stress-related genes expression in cluster tissues. The results show significant seasonal and interannual differences in Kh and vascular anatomy. At VER, the Kh of the rachis and rachis+pedicel and the xylem diameter decreased but were unaffected by treatments. The phloem\u2013xylem ratio was either increased (2019) or reduced (2020) in MSP compared to VSP. Most AQPs were down-regulated at FM in pedicels and up-regulated at VER in pulp. A potential maturation shift in MSP was observed and confirmed by the up-regulation of several stress-related genes in all tissues. The study pinpoints the role of canopy architecture in berry\u2013water relations and stress response during ripening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13111500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T03:45:08Z","timestamp":1717040708000},"page":"1500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Canopy Architecture and Sun Exposure Influence Berry Cluster\u2013Water Relations in the Grapevine Variety Muscat of Alexandria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olfa","family":"Zarrouk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"IRTA\u2014Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Torre Marimon, 08140 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV\u2014Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEF\u2014Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3874-0226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Victoria","family":"Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Agronomy of Woody and Horticultural Crops, Centro de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Flores-Roco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Agronomy of Woody and Horticultural Crops, Centro de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y Tecnol\u00f3gicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1473-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa S.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INIAV\u2014Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P. Avenida da Rep\u00fablica, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"CEF\u2014Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Amancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2456-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7858-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa C.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K., and Meyer, L.A. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.372","article-title":"Decadal changes in radiative fluxes at land and ocean surfaces and their relevance for global warming","volume":"7","author":"Wild","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2024, February 10). Climate Impacts in Portugal. Available online: https:\/\/www.climateanalytics.org."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, J.A., Fraga, H., Malheiro, A.C., Moutinho-Pereira, J., Dinis, L.T., Correia, C., Moriondo, M., Leolini, L., Dibari, C., and Costafreda-Aumedes, S. (2020). A review of the potential climate change impacts and adaptation options for European viticulture. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10093092"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"INE (2023). Estat\u00edsticas Agricolas\u20142022, Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cliser.2023.100357","article-title":"Exposure of Portuguese viticulture to weather extremes under climate change","volume":"30","author":"Fonseca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clim. Serv."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Silvestre, J., Dam\u00e1sio, M., Egipto, R., Cunha, J., Braz\u00e3o, J., and Eiras-Dias, J. (2019, January 23\u201328). Tolerance to sunburn: A variable to consider in the context of climate change. Proceedings of the 21st GiESCO International Meeting, Thessaloniki, Greece."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Keller, M. (2015). The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology, Elsevier Science."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Dry, P. (2009). Bunch exposure management. Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation Report, AWRY."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604691","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.604691","article-title":"Sunburn in Grapes: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Gambetta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2001.52.1.45","article-title":"Evaluation of minimal pruning upon vine performance and berry composition of Chancellor","volume":"52","author":"Reynolds","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2008.59.2.179","article-title":"Impact of pruning methods on yield components and juice and wine composition of Cynthiana grapes","volume":"59","author":"Main","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.01.029","article-title":"Chlorophyll role in berry sunburn symptoms studied in different grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars","volume":"185","author":"Rustioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00196969","article-title":"Xylem development and hydraulic conductance in sun and shade shoots of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): Evidence that low light uncouples water transport capacity from leaf area","volume":"190","author":"Schultz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Holbrook, N.M., and Zwieniecki, M.A. (2005). Growth and Water Transport in Fleshy Fruit. Vascular Transport in Plants: A Volume in Physiological Ecology, Elsevier Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa245","article-title":"The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: Towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance","volume":"71","author":"Gambetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1071\/FP09019","article-title":"Hydraulic connection of grape berries to the vine: Varietal differences in water conductance into and out of berries, and potential for backflow","volume":"36","author":"Tilbrook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Func. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eri291","article-title":"Functional xylem in the post-veraison grape berry","volume":"56","author":"Bondada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erl020","article-title":"Ripening grape berries remain hydraulically connected to the shoot","volume":"57","author":"Keller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"585","article-title":"Discharge of surplus phloem water may be required for normal grape ripening","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knoche, M. (2015). Water uptake through the surface of fleshy soft fruit: Barriers, mechanism, factors, and potential role in cracking. Abiotic Stress Biology in Horticultural Plants, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55251-2_11"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS03937-16","article-title":"Rain cracking in sweet cherries is not due to excess water uptake but to localized skin phenomena","volume":"141","author":"Winkler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hortic Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-019-0161-3","article-title":"Localized bursting of mesocarp cells triggers catastrophic fruit cracking","volume":"6","author":"Grimm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"plab003","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plab003","article-title":"Functional hydraulic sectoring in grapevines as evidenced by sap flow, dye infusion, leaf removal and micro-computed tomography","volume":"13","author":"McElrone","year":"2021","journal-title":"AoB Plants"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-008-0566-1","article-title":"Identification of grapevine aquaporins and expression analysis in developing berries","volume":"27","author":"Fouquet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.143172","article-title":"Vascular function in grape berries across development and its relevance to apparent hydraulic isolation","volume":"151","author":"Choat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2021.06.004","article-title":"Grapevine aquaporins: Diversity, cellular functions, and ecophysiological perspectives","volume":"188","author":"Sabir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erp239","article-title":"Aquaporin gene expression and apoplastic water flow in bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) leaves in relation to the light response of leaf hydraulic conductance","volume":"60","author":"Voicu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13468","article-title":"Water transport in fleshy fruits: Research advances, methodologies, and future directions","volume":"172","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.03.036","article-title":"The relevance of xylem network structure for plant hydraulic efficiency and safety","volume":"247","author":"Loepfe","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.113.233791","article-title":"Aquaporins: Highly regulated channels controlling plant water relations","volume":"164","author":"Chaumont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2004.tb00020.x","article-title":"Direct measurement of hydraulic properties in developing berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz and Chardonnay","volume":"10","author":"Tyerman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust. J. Grape Wine Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00175.x","article-title":"Developmental changes in the diurnal water budget of the grape berry exposed to water deficits","volume":"17","author":"Greenspan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1071\/FP16010","article-title":"Comparison of isohydric and anisohydric Vitis vinifera L. cultivars reveals a fine balance between hydraulic resistances, driving forces and transpiration in ripening berries","volume":"44","author":"Scharwies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Func. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gisbert, C., Soler, J.X., Fos, M., Intrigliolo, D.S., Yuste, A., Pic\u00f3, B., Torrent, D., and Peir\u00f3, R. (2022). Characterization of Local Mediterranean Grapevine Varieties for Their Resilience to Semi-Arid Conditions under a Rain-Fed Regime. Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12092234"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01522","article-title":"Controversies in Midday Water Potential Regulation and Stomatal Behavior Might Result from the Environment, Genotype, and\/or Rootstock: Evidence from Carm\u00e9n\u00e8re and Syrah Grapevine Varieties","volume":"10","author":"Franck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.128645","article-title":"The role of plasma membrane intrinsic protein aquaporins in water transport through roots: Diurnal and drought stress responses reveal different strategies between isohydric and anisohydric cultivars of grapevine","volume":"149","author":"Vandeleur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhn, N., Abello, C., Godoy, F., Delrot, S., and Arce-Johnson, P. (2014). Differential Behavior within a Grapevine Cluster:Decreased Ethylene-Related Gene Expression Dependenton Auxin Transport Is Correlated with Low Abscission of First Developed Berries. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111258"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.00031","article-title":"Water transport properties of the grape pedicel during fruit development: Insights into xylem anatomy and function using microtomography","volume":"168","author":"Knipfer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12465","article-title":"Sugar demand of ripening grape berries leads to recycling of surplus phloem water via the xylem","volume":"38","author":"Keller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.141044","article-title":"Most water in the tomato truss is imported through the xylem, not the phloem: A nuclear magnetic resonance flow imaging study","volume":"151","author":"Windt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12411","article-title":"High light decreases xylem contribution to fruit growth in tomato","volume":"38","author":"Hanssens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2022.111313","article-title":"Pedicel anatomy and histology in tomato vary according to genotype and water-deficit environment, affecting fruit mass","volume":"321","author":"Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcv106","article-title":"Secondary phloem diversity and evolution in Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae)","volume":"116","author":"Pace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Bot."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.81.2.482","article-title":"Sucrose Transport and Phloem Unloading in Stem of Vicia.faba: Possible Involvement of a Sucrose Carrier and Osmotic Regulation","volume":"81","author":"Aloni","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.9.7.1137","article-title":"The Phloem Sieve Element: A River Runs through It","volume":"9","author":"Sjolund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3040.2003.00963.x","article-title":"The phloem, a miracle of ingenuity","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabir, F., Leandro, M.J., Martins, A.P., Loureiro-Dias, M.C., Moura, T.F., Soveral, G., and Prista, C. (2014). Exploring three PIPs and three TIPs of grapevine for transport of water and atypical substrates through heterologous expression in aqy-null yeast. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102087"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1071\/FP09117","article-title":"Identification and functional characterisation of aquaporins in the grapevine, Vitis vinifera","volume":"36","author":"Shelden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Func. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-015-2329-x","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of grapevine transporters that mediate glucose-6-phosphate uptake into plastids","volume":"242","author":"Noronha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2009.60.1.24","article-title":"Inception, progression, and compositional consequences of a berry shrivel disorder","volume":"60","author":"Krasnow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilati, S., Perazzolli, M., Malossini, A., Cestaro, A., Dematt\u00e8, L., Fontana, P., Dal Ri, A., Viola, R., Velasco, R., and Moser, C. (2007). Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of grapevine berry ripening reveals a set of genes similarly modulated during three seasons and the occurrence of an oxidative burst at v\u00e8raison. BMC Genom., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-8-428"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.065748","article-title":"Characterizing the grape transcriptome. Analysis of expressed sequence tags from multiple vitis species and development of a compendium of gene expression during berry development","volume":"139","author":"Iandolino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.1021\/jf505169z","article-title":"Relating Water Deficiency to Berry Texture, Skin Cell Wall Composition, and Expression of Remodeling Genes in Two Vitis vinifera L. Varieties","volume":"63","author":"Fernandes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv483","article-title":"Characterization of major ripening events during softening in grape: Turgor, sugar accumulation, abscisic acid metabolism, colour development, and their relationship with growth","volume":"67","author":"Castellarin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12061","article-title":"Plant sugars are crucial players in the oxidative challenge during abiotic stress: Extending the traditional concept","volume":"36","author":"Keunen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery039","article-title":"Hypoxia in grape berries: The role of seed respiration and lenticels on the berry pedicel and the possible link to cell death","volume":"69","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12445","article-title":"Heat stress in grapevine: The pros and cons of acclimation","volume":"38","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-013-0338-z","article-title":"Heat and water stress induce unique transcriptional signatures of heat-shock proteins and transcription factors in grapevine","volume":"14","author":"Rocheta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Funct. Integr. Genom."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154054","article-title":"Research advances in function and regulation mechanisms of plant small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) under environmental stresses","volume":"825","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096225","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1096225","article-title":"Global transcriptome and gene co-expression network analyses reveal regulatory and non-additive effects of drought and heat stress in grapevine","volume":"14","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00975","article-title":"Ethylene and RIPENING INHIBITOR Modulate Expression of SlHSP17.7A, B Class I Small Heat Shock Protein Genes during Tomato Fruit Ripening","volume":"11","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, X.R., Yu, Y.H., Ni, P.Y., Zhang, G.H., and Guo, D.L. (2019). Genome-wide identification of small heat-shock protein (HSP20) gene family in grape and expression profile during berry development. BMC Plant Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-019-2031-4"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2020.104270","article-title":"Heat shock protein and aquaporin expression enhance water conserving behavior of citrus under water deficits and high temperature conditions","volume":"181","author":"Shafqat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, D.L., Wang, Z.G., Pei, M.S., Guo, L.L., and Yu, Y.H. (2020). Transcriptome analysis reveals mechanism of early ripening in Kyoho grape with hydrogen peroxide treatment. BMC Genom., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-07180-y"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2016.16032","article-title":"Deficit irrigation alters grapevine growth, physiology, and fruit microclimate","volume":"67","author":"Keller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., He, L., An, X., Yu, K., Meng, N., Duan, C., and Pan, Q.-H. (2020). VVIWRKY40, a WRKY transcription factor, regulates glycosylated monoterpenoid production by VviGT14 in grape berry. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11050485"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1051\/ctv\/20183301090","article-title":"Leaf morphoanatomy traits in white grapevine cultivars with distinct geographical origin","volume":"33","author":"Teixeira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia T\u00e9cnica Vitivin\u00edcola"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2307\/210739","article-title":"An Approach Toward a Rational Classification of Climate","volume":"38","author":"Thorntwaite","year":"1948","journal-title":"Geogr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Ruzin, S.E. (1999). Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-014-1107-x","article-title":"The \u201cblue ring\u201d: Anatomy and formation hypothesis of a new tree-ring anomaly in conifers","volume":"29","author":"Piermattei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trees"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00056","article-title":"How to quantify conduits in wood?","volume":"4","author":"Scholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouthu, S., and Deluc, L.G. (2015). Timing of ripening initiation in grape berries and its relationship to seed content and pericarp auxin levels. BMC Plant Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-015-0440-6"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.1988.tb01774.x","article-title":"A method for measuring hydraulic conductivity and embolism in xylem","volume":"11","author":"Sperry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coito, J.L., Rocheta, M., Carvalho, L., and Am\u00e2ncio, S. (2012). Microarray-based uncovering reference genes for quantitative real time PCR in grapevine under abiotic stress. BMC Res. Notes, 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-220"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"R Core Team (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R, PBC. Available online: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/11\/1500\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:50:32Z","timestamp":1760107832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/11\/1500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["plants13111500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants13111500","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2223-7747"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]}}}