{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:32:56Z","timestamp":1773365576319,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/29736\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/29736\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/3157\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-MIC\/3157\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020 + UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020 + UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020 + UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["PD\/BD\/150363\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/150363\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have beneficial effects on plants. They can promote growth and enhance plant defense against abiotic stress and disease, and these effects are associated with changes in the plant metabolite profile. The research problem addressed in this study was the impact of inoculation with PGPB on the metabolite profile of Salicornia europaea L. across controlled and field conditions. Salicornia europaea seeds, inoculated with Brevibacterium casei EB3 and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans RL18, were grown in controlled laboratory experiments and in a natural field setting. The metabolite composition of the aboveground tissues was analyzed using GC\u2013MS and UHPLC\u2013MS. PGPB inoculation promoted a reconfiguration in plant metabolism in both environments. Under controlled laboratory conditions, inoculation contributed to increased biomass production and the reinforcement of immune responses by significantly increasing the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, sugars, citric acid, acetic acid, chlorogenic acids, and quercetin. In field conditions, the inoculated plants exhibited a distinct phytochemical profile, with increased glucose, fructose, and phenolic compounds, especially hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, and apigenin, alongside decreased unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting higher stress levels. The metabolic response shifted from growth enhancement to stress resistance in the latter context. As a common pattern to both laboratory and field conditions, biopriming induced metabolic reprogramming towards the expression of apigenin, quercetin, formononetin, caffeic acid, and caffeoylquinic acid, metabolites that enhance the plant\u2019s tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. This study unveils the intricate metabolic adaptations of Salicornia europaea under controlled and field conditions, highlighting PGPB\u2019s potential to redesign the metabolite profile of the plant. Elevated-stress-related metabolites may fortify plant defense mechanisms, laying the groundwork for stress-resistant crop development through PGPB-based inoculants, especially in saline agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13162309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T01:38:45Z","timestamp":1724117925000},"page":"2309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Engineering the Rhizosphere Microbiome with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria for Modulation of the Plant Metabolome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8821-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C. S.","family":"Ver\u00edssimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana C. G. A.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel N.","family":"Sierra-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-1348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille E.","family":"Granada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2512-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Cremades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coru\u00f1a, 15071 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8060-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9118-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13312","article-title":"The importance of the microbiome of the plant holobiont","volume":"206","author":"Vandenkoornhuyse","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Llorente, I.D., Pajuelo, E., Navarro-Torre, S., Mesa-Mar\u00edn, J., and Caviedes, M.A. (2019). 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