{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T17:04:10Z","timestamp":1771261450986,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":336,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic pruritus, or persistent itching, is a debilitating condition that severely impacts quality of life, especially in palliative care settings. Traditional treatments often fail to provide adequate relief or are associated with significant side effects, prompting interest in alternative therapies. This review investigates the antipruritic potential of eight medicinal plants: chamomile (Matricaria\u00a0chamomilla), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), calendula (Calendula officinalis), curcumin (Curcuma longa), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), peppermint (Mentha piperita), and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis). These plants are analyzed for their traditional applications, active bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, clinical evidence, usage, dosage, and safety profiles. Comprehensive searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and b-on, focusing on in vitro, animal, and clinical studies using keywords like \u201cplant\u201d, \u201cextract\u201d, and \u201cpruritus\u201d. Studies were included regardless of publication date and limited to English-language articles. Findings indicate that active compounds such as polysaccharides in aloe vera, curcuminoids in turmeric, and menthol in peppermint exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating properties. Chamomile and calendula alleviate itching through anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing effects, while lavender and licorice offer antimicrobial benefits alongside antipruritic relief. Evening primrose, rich in gamma-linolenic acid, is effective in atopic dermatitis-related itching. Despite promising preclinical and clinical results, challenges remain in standardizing dosages and formulations. The review highlights the necessity of further clinical trials to ensure efficacy and safety, advocating for integrating these botanical therapies into complementary palliative care practices. Such approaches emphasize holistic treatment, addressing chronic pruritus\u2019s physical and emotional burden, thereby enhancing patient well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13243515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T10:08:53Z","timestamp":1734343733000},"page":"3515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Soothing the Itch: The Role of Medicinal Plants in Alleviating Pruritus in Palliative Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Clinical Center of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CACTMAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Health, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional de Aromaterapeutas Profissionais (IAAP-Portugal), 4445-088 Alfena, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2986-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisete","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UME-CIDE Unidade de Microscopia Eletr\u00f3nica-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Caramelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Clinical Center of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CACTMAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Health, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Clinical Center of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CACTMAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Palliative Medicine, Local Health Unit of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro EPE, 5400-261 Chaves, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Internacional de Aromaterapeutas Profissionais (IAAP-Portugal), 4445-088 Alfena, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0199-0467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita S.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Clinical Center of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CACTMAD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Local Health Unit of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (ULSTMAD), 5050-275 Peso da R\u00e9gua, Portugal"},{"name":"Palliative Medicine, Local Health Unit of Nordeste, 5370-210 Mirandela, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"The Role and Place of Medicinal Plants in the Strategies for Disease Prevention","volume":"10","author":"Sofowora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"170","article-title":"Medicinal Plants Used in Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases","volume":"30","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postep. Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assar, D.H., Elhabashi, N., Mokhbatly, A.-A.A., Ragab, A.E., Elbialy, Z.I., Rizk, S.A., Albalawi, A.E., Althobaiti, N.A., Al Jaouni, S., and Atiba, A. (2021). Wound Healing Potential of Licorice Extract in Rat Model: Antioxidants, Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Gene Expression Evidences. Biomed. Pharmacother., 143.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112151"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/23809000.2017.1400911","article-title":"Quality of Life in Palliative Care","volume":"2","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Qual. Life Cancer Care"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Pruritus in Palliative Care","volume":"57","author":"Seccareccia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, S., Martins, M., Caramelo, A., Magalh\u00e3es, B., and Matos, R. (2024). Exploring Skin Disorders in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review. Palliat. Med. Pract.","DOI":"10.5603\/pmp.101447"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.25251\/skin.8.4.11","article-title":"Treating Chronic Pruritus: Are We at the Threshold of a Breakthrough?","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Skin"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, J., Xian, D., Yang, L., Xiong, X., Lai, R., and Zhong, J. (2018). Pruritus: Progress toward Pathogenesis and Treatment. Biomed. Res. Int., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9625936"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, S., Castro, J., Almeida, A., Monteiro, M., Rodrigues, T., Fernandes, R., and Matos, R.S. (2024). A Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Properties of Lemon Essential Oil. Adv. Integr. Med.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aimed.2024.10.009"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Natural Ingredients in Skincare: A Scoping Review of Efficacy and Benefits","volume":"20","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Biopharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, S., and Gaiv\u00e3o, I. (2021). Natural Ingredients Common in the Tr\u00e1s-Os-Montes Region (Portugal) for Use in the Cosmetic Industry: A Review about Chemical Composition and Antigenotoxic Properties. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175255"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud, O., Oladipo, O., Mahmoud, R.H., and Yosipovitch, G. (2023). Itch: From the Skin to the Brain\u2014Peripheral and Central Neural Sensitization in Chronic Itch. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1272230"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2019","article-title":"Physiology and Pathophysiology of Itch","volume":"100","author":"Cevikbas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.06.016","article-title":"Clinical Review: Pruritus in Allergy and Immunology","volume":"144","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pruritus","volume":"2","author":"Tivoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"918","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Pruritus","volume":"63","author":"Nowak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.-C., Shim, W.-S., Kwak, I.-S., Lee, D.-H., Park, J.-S., Lee, S.-Y., Kang, S.-Y., Chung, B.-Y., Park, C.-W., and Kim, H.-O. (2023). Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pruritus Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease and Cholestasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021559"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803752","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/803752","article-title":"Pruritus in Systemic Diseases: A Review of Etiological Factors and New Treatment Modalities","volume":"2015","author":"Tarikci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, M.P., Wiegmann, H., Agelopoulos, K., and St\u00e4nder, S. (2021). Neuropathic Itch: Routes to Clinical Diagnosis. Front. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.641746"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"164","article-title":"Pruritus: An Overview. What Drives People to Scratch an Itch?","volume":"85","author":"Lavery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ulster Med. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0097-7","article-title":"Psychogenic Itch","volume":"8","author":"Misery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-024-01214-z","article-title":"Psychodermatology of Chronic Pruritus: An Overview of the Link Between Itch and Distress","volume":"14","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2011.11.004","article-title":"Psychosomatic Factors in Pruritus","volume":"31","author":"Tey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukasawa, T., Yoshizaki-Ogawa, A., Enomoto, A., Miyagawa, K., Sato, S., and Yoshizaki, A. (2022). Pharmacotherapy of Itch\u2014Antihistamines and Histamine Receptors as G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126579"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.023","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis","volume":"71","author":"Eichenfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S163814","article-title":"Treatment-resistant atopic dermatitis: Challenges and solutions","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"CD012119","article-title":"Emollients and moisturisers for eczema","volume":"2017","author":"Fedorowicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2017.1363","article-title":"The Role of Moisturizers in Addressing Various Kinds of Dermatitis: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Purnamawati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanessa, V.V., Wan Ahmad Kammal, W.S.L., Lai, Z.W., and How, K.N. (2022). A Review of Moisturizing Additives for Atopic Dermatitis. Cosmetics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9040075"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_212_19","article-title":"Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Pregabalin versus Gabapentin for the treatment of Uremic Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Haemodialysis","volume":"26","author":"Ravindran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0072","DOI":"10.1097\/itx.0000000000000072","article-title":"Kappa opioid agonists in the treatment of itch: Just scratching the surface?","volume":"8","author":"Beck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Itch"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2011.05.001","article-title":"Pruritus: Management Algorithms and Experimental Therapies","volume":"30","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"e53340","article-title":"Effectiveness of Narrowband Ultraviolet Light in Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus","volume":"16","author":"Shabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.44785","article-title":"Aloe Vera: A Short Review","volume":"53","author":"Surjushe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-013-9323-3","article-title":"Aloe Barbadensis: How a Miraculous Plant Becomes Reality","volume":"12","author":"Chinchilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grace, O.M., Buerki, S., Symonds, M.R., Forest, F., van Wyk, A.E., Smith, G.F., Klopper, R.R., Bjor\u00e5, C.S., Neale, S., and Demissew, S. (2015). Evolutionary History and Leaf Succulence as Explanations for Medicinal Use in Aloes and the Global Popularity of Aloe Vera. BMC Evol. Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-015-0291-7"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Burgos, E., Iglesias, I., and G\u00f3mez-Serranillos, M.P. (2020). Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and Its Major Active Constituents. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25061324"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, Y., Niu, Y., Qin, S., and Ma, G. (2023). A New Biomaterial Derived from Aloe Vera\u2014Acemannan from Basic Studies to Clinical Application. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071913"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.18-0119","article-title":"Compositional and Structural Features of the Main Bioactive Polysaccharides Present in the Aloe Vera Plant","volume":"101","author":"Femenia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.08204FP","article-title":"Acemannan Stimulates Gingival Fibroblast Proliferation; Expressions of Keratinocyte Growth Factor-1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Type I Collagen; and Wound Healing","volume":"109","author":"Jettanacheawchankit","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-2858-3-5","article-title":"Antibacterial Activities and Antioxidant Capacity of Aloe Vera","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Org. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-019-00747-5","article-title":"Aloe vera (L.) Webb.: Natural Sources of Antioxidants\u2014A Review","volume":"74","author":"Dziedzic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"S51","article-title":"Nutraceutical, Therapeutic, and Pharmaceutical Potential of Aloe Vera: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Green Pharm."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2013.05.005","article-title":"Aloe vera Downregulates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Expression of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Macrophages","volume":"56","author":"Budai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S391741","article-title":"Aloe Extracts Inhibit Skin Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-\u03baB, ERK, and JNK Signaling Pathways in an LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages Model","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chelu, M., Musuc, A.M., Popa, M., and Moreno, J.C. (2023). Aloe Vera-Based Hydrogels for Wound Healing: Properties and Therapeutic Effects. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070539"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0909-752X.2006.00155.x","article-title":"Moisturizing Effect of Cosmetic Formulations Containing Aloe Vera Extract in Different Concentrations Assessed by Skin Bioengineering Techniques","volume":"12","author":"Gaspar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ski. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, J.H., and Kim, H.S. (2024). Itch-Relieving Cosmetics. Cosmetics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics11040114"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"85","article-title":"Aloe Vera in Dermatology: A Brief Review","volume":"144","author":"Feily","year":"2009","journal-title":"G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzie, I.F.F., and Wachtel-Galor, S. (2011). Herbal Treatment for Dermatologic Disorders. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects, CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10787"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190703154244","article-title":"Treatment of Skin Disorders with Aloe Materials","volume":"25","author":"Svitina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-91.x","article-title":"Management of Psoriasis with Aloe Vera Extract in a Hydrophilic Cream: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study","volume":"1","author":"Syed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01178-0","article-title":"Review of Natural Compounds for Potential Psoriasis Treatment","volume":"31","author":"Elkhawaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00529-9","article-title":"Efficacy of Nonprescription Moisturizers for Atopic Dermatitis: An Updated Review of Clinical Evidence","volume":"21","author":"Hebert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Effect of Aloe Vera Clinical Trials on Prevention and Healing of Skin Wound: A Systematic Review","volume":"44","author":"Mehrabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"29","article-title":"Treatment of Xerosis with a Topical Formulation Containing Glyceryl Glucoside, Natural Moisturizing Factors, and Ceramide","volume":"5","author":"Weber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthetic Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"132","article-title":"A Comparative Study of the Impacts of Aloe Vera Gel and Silver Sulfadiazine Cream 1% on Healing, Itching and Pain of Burn Wounds: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"11","author":"Mahboub","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Caring Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2016.1166826","article-title":"Aloe vera: A Review of Toxicity and Adverse Clinical Effects","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part C"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"(2024, October 27). WebMD ALOE: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews. Available online: https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins\/ai\/ingredientmono-607\/aloe."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2024, October 27). Mayo Clinic Aloe. Available online: https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/drugs-supplements-aloe\/art-20362267."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzie, I.F.F., and Wachtel-Galor, S. (2011). Evaluation of the Nutritional and Metabolic Effects of Aloe Vera. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects, CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10787"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2007). Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aloe Andongensis Extract, Aloe Andongensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Extract, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Juice, Aloe Arborescens Leaf Protoplasts, Aloe Barbadensis Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Polysaccharides, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Water, Aloe Ferox Leaf Extract, Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice, and Aloe Ferox Leaf Juice Extract. Int. J. Toxicol., 26, 1\u201350.","DOI":"10.1080\/10915810701351186"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiner, C.P., and Mason, C. (2019). Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women. Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women, Elsevier. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-42874-3.00015-X"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0254-9","article-title":"Interactions between Antidiabetic Drugs and Herbs: An Overview of Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Implications","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.05.008","article-title":"Edible Flowers with the Common Name \u201cMarigold\u201d: Their Therapeutic Values and Processing","volume":"89","author":"Chitrakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"769","article-title":"Calendula officinalis\u2014An Important Medicinal Plant with Potential Biological Properties","volume":"83","author":"Jan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.09.018","article-title":"Traditional Wound-Healing Plants Used in the Balkan Region (Southeast Europe)","volume":"211","author":"Mataruga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.120520","article-title":"A Review on Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Genus Calendula","volume":"7","author":"Arora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735418803766","article-title":"Calendula officinalis: Potential Roles in Cancer Treatment and Palliative Care","volume":"17","author":"Cruceriu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"ZE23","article-title":"A Review of Calendula officinalis-Magic in Science","volume":"16","author":"Patil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3661","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Calendula officinalis L. Flowers and Leaves","volume":"36","author":"Ak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. J."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"216","article-title":"Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Plant Calendula officinalis Linn","volume":"2","author":"Dhingra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitale, S., Colanero, S., Placidi, M., Di Emidio, G., Tatone, C., Amicarelli, F., and D\u2019Alessandro, A.M. (2022). Phytochemistry and Biological Activity of Medicinal Plants in Wound Healing: An Overview of Current Research. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113566"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha48111778","article-title":"Biochemical Profile, Selective Cytotoxicity and Molecular Effects of Calendula officinalis Extracts on Breast Cancer Cell Lines","volume":"48","author":"Cruceriu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"314","article-title":"Effects of Calendula officinalis and Hypericum Perforatum on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Histopathology Indices of Induced Periodontitis in Male Rats","volume":"21","author":"Tanideh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tung, Y.-T., Wu, M.-F., Lee, M.-C., Wu, J.-H., Huang, C.-C., and Huang, W.-C. (2019). Antifatigue Activity and Exercise Performance of Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Calendula officinalis, Ribes Nigrum, and Vaccinium Myrtillus. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081715"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"6","article-title":"The Menace of Dermatophytosis in India: The Evidence That We Need","volume":"84","author":"Saumya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2019.1703829","article-title":"GC\/MS-Olfactometric Characterization of the Volatile Compounds, Determination Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Flowers of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.)","volume":"22","author":"Sahingil","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel Cosmeceuticals from Plants\u2014An Industry Guided Review","volume":"7","author":"Dorni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"339","article-title":"Preclinical Vascular Activity of an Aqueous Extract from Flowers of Calendula officinalis","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"131","article-title":"Phytochemical Screening of Calendula officinalis (Linn.) Using Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy with Potential Antibacterial Activity","volume":"65","author":"Darekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2024.118571","article-title":"Phenolic Profile and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Calendula officinalis L. Using Exogenous Polyamines Application","volume":"214","author":"Tavallali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, D., Ferreira, M.S., Sousa-Lobo, J.M., Cruz, M.T., and Almeida, I.F. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower Extract. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8020031"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.12.006","article-title":"In Vitro Studies to Evaluate the Wound Healing Properties of Calendula officinalis Extracts","volume":"196","author":"Nicolaus","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"4","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Effect Of Calendula officinalis Flowers On Ccl4 Induced Rats","volume":"29","author":"Helal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Home Econ."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-015-1454-1","article-title":"Phytochemical Characterization and Effect of Calendula officinalis, Hypericum Perforatum, and Salvia Officinalis Infusions on Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"25","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2017.04.029","article-title":"Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry Profile of Four Calendula L. Taxa: A Comparative Analysis","volume":"104","author":"Faustino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"100199","article-title":"Calendula in Modern Medicine: Advancements in Wound Healing and Drug Delivery Applications","volume":"12","author":"Ejiohuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1744512","article-title":"Dietary Polyphenol Impact on Gut Health and Microbiota","volume":"61","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahane, K., Kshirsagar, M., Tambe, S., Jain, D., Rout, S., Ferreira, M.K., Mali, S., Amin, P., Srivastav, P.P., and Cruz, J. (2023). An Updated Review on the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Calendula officinalis L. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040611"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-021-00562-x","article-title":"In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis, Chrysanthemum Indicum, and Calendula officinalis Flower Extracts against Gram Negative and Gram Positive Food Poisoning Bacteria","volume":"22","author":"Karnwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Tradit. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2023.2170138","article-title":"Wound Healing and Antibacterial Capability of Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibers Incorporating Calendula officinalis and Propolis Extracts","volume":"34","author":"Davoudabadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12737","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Calendula officinalis Extract for Wound Healing","volume":"27","author":"Givol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.20510\/ukjpb\/9\/i1\/1609684673","article-title":"Mechanism of Action of Wound Healing Activity of Calendula officinalis: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"9","author":"Deka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biosci. J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, W.-H., Hung, C.-Y., Chiang, P.-C., Lee, H., Lin, I.-T., Lai, P.-C., Chan, Y.-H., and Feng, S.-W. (2023). Physicochemical Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Antibacterial Properties of CMC\/PVA\/Calendula officinalis Films for Biomedical Applications. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15061454"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2019.125011","article-title":"Grafting of the Peppermint Essential Oil to a Chemically Treated Ti6Al4V Alloy to Counteract the Bacterial Adhesion","volume":"378","author":"Cazzola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.204","article-title":"Calendula officinalis Extract\/PCL\/Zein\/Gum Arabic Nanofibrous Bio-Composite Scaffolds via Suspension, Two-Nozzle and Multilayer Electrospinning for Skin Tissue Engineering","volume":"135","author":"Rad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.12.003","article-title":"Phytochemicals for Human Disease: An Update on Plant-Derived Compounds Antibacterial Activity","volume":"196","author":"Barbieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozturk, R.Y., and Cakir, R. (2024). In Vitro Anticancer Efficacy of Calendula officinalis Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles against Gastric and Colon Cancer Cells. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm.","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2024.2404143"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osial, M., Wilczewski, S., Szulc, J., Nguyen, H.D., Nguyen, T.K.O., Sk\u00f3rczewska, K., Majkowska-Pilip, A., \u017belechowska-Matysiak, K., Nieciecka, D., and Pregowska, A. (2023). Nanohydroxyapatite Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil and Calendula officinalis L. Plant Extract Rich in Myo-Inositols for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Coatings, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings13111944"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/17458080.2022.2076836","article-title":"Anti-Breast Carcinoma Effects of Green Synthesized Tin Nanoparticles from Calendula officinalis Leaf Aqueous Extract Inhibits MCF7, Hs 319. T, and MCF10 Cells Proliferation","volume":"17","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"38","article-title":"Influence of Calendula officinalis L. Extract on the Development of Experimental Hepatitis","volume":"27","author":"Toropova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Probl. Biol. Med. Pharm. Chem."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"1","article-title":"Calendula (Calendula officinalis) Marigold as Medicinal Plant","volume":"2","author":"Ullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthop. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14985","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity in Asterceae: The Selected Genera Characterization and against Multidrug Resistance Bacteria","volume":"9","author":"Gou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"47","article-title":"A Review on: Itch-Causing and Itch-Relieving Plants","volume":"9","author":"Shimray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Trends Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2011.05.002","article-title":"Management of Itch in Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"30","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190815","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2019-0815","article-title":"Effectiveness of Skin Protectors and Calendula officinalis for Prevention and Treatment of Radiodermatitis: An Integrative Review","volume":"73","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Enferm."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"272","article-title":"Formulation and Development of Sunscreen Stick by Calendula Oil","volume":"2","author":"Savita","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"e43308","article-title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Herbal Formulation Containing Marigold Flower (Calendula officinalis L.) Tea","volume":"15","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_110","unstructured":"EMAE (2008). Calendula officinalis L., Flos, European Medicines Agency."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"ESCOP Monographs (2019). Calendulae Flos (Calendula Flower), ESCOP."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, S.H., Peredo, C.E., Takeda, Y., Bui, T., Neil, J., Rickard, D., Millerman, E., Therrien, J.P., Nicodeme, E., and Brusq, J.M. (2016). Development of a Topical Treatment for Psoriasis Targeting ROR\u03b3: From Bench to Skin. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147979"},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"489","article-title":"Natural Compounds in Psoriasis Management: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Tanwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacogn."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"WC04","article-title":"Effect of Topical Application of the Cream Containing Magnesium 2% on Treatment of Diaper Dermatitis and Diaper Rash in Children A Clinical Trial Study","volume":"10","author":"Nourbakhsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.1208","article-title":"Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Radiation-induced Dermatitis","volume":"7","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Precis. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.650764","article-title":"Comparison of Vaginal Gel Isoflavones versus No Topical Treatment in Vaginal Dystrophy: Results of a Preliminary Prospective Study","volume":"28","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"102","article-title":"Use of Calendula Cream Balm to Medicate the Feet of Diabetic Patients: Case Series","volume":"3","author":"Cioinac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_305_17","article-title":"The Effect of Calendula officinalis versus Metronidazole on Bacterial Vaginosis in Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"9","author":"Pazhohideh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"255","article-title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Plant Oil Mixtures in the Treatment of Xerosis with Pruritus in Elderly People: Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial","volume":"5","author":"Yahya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Med. J. Biomed. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13434","article-title":"Efficacy of Topical Calendula officinalis on Prevalence of Radiation-induced Dermatitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"62","author":"Siddiquee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810234","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/810234","article-title":"A Randomized Comparative Trial on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Topical Aloe Vera and Calendula officinalis on Diaper Dermatitis in Children","volume":"2012","author":"Panahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, S., Peixoto, F., Schoss, K., Glava\u010d, N.K., and Gaiv\u00e3o, I. (2024). Elderberry Hydrolate: Exploring Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Potency and Antigenotoxicity for Cosmetic Applications. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14146338"},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Barnes, J., Anderson, L.A., and Phillipson, J.D. (2007). Herbal Medicines, CABI."},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2018). Calendulae Flos\u2014Herbal Medicinal Product."},{"key":"ref_125","unstructured":"Bradley, P. (1992). British Herbal Compendium: A Handbook of Scientific Information on Widely Used Plant Drugs, British Herbal Medicine Association."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Curcuminoids Isolated from Turmeric","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2016.05.005","article-title":"Biological Activities of Curcuminoids, Other Biomolecules from Turmeric and Their Derivatives\u2014A Review","volume":"7","author":"Amalraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"UTAD, J.B. (2024, October 31). Jardim Bot\u00e2nico UTAD | Multimedia 41331. Available online: https:\/\/jb.utad.pt\/multimedia\/41331."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-021-04201-6","article-title":"Turmeric and Its Bioactive Constituents Trigger Cell Signaling Mechanisms That Protect against Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"476","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8471785","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8471785","article-title":"Antioxidant Properties of Popular Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) Varieties from Bangladesh","volume":"2017","author":"Tanvir","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Qual."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S327378","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin in the Inflammatory Diseases: Status, Limitations and Countermeasures","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2007.B0470","article-title":"Antimutagenic Potential of Curcumin on Chromosomal Aberrations in Allium Cepa","volume":"8","author":"Ragunathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, Y., Alam, W., Ullah, H., Dacrema, M., Daglia, M., Khan, H., and Arciola, C.R. (2022). Antimicrobial Potential of Curcumin: Therapeutic Potential and Challenges to Clinical Applications. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030322"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomeh, M.A., Hadianamrei, R., and Zhao, X. (2019). A Review of Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051033"},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"1278","article-title":"Turmeric: A Promising Spice for Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities","volume":"15","author":"Nisar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2018.22.5.547","article-title":"Antipruritic Effect of Curcumin on Histamine-Induced Itching in Mice","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5640","article-title":"Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) on Skin Health: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence","volume":"1264","author":"Vaughn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-023-00493-1","article-title":"Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin in the Management of Dermatological Diseases: An Extensive Review of Drug and Pharmacological Activities","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammadi, S.G., Kafeshani, M., Bagherniya, M., Kesharwani, P., and Sahebkar, A. (2024). Exploring Curcumin\u2019s Healing Properties in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Food Biosci., 59.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104144"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511006544","article-title":"Improvement of Sulphur Mustard-Induced Chronic Pruritus, Quality of Life and Antioxidant Status by Curcumin: Results of a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"108","author":"Panahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasprzak-Drozd, K., Nizi\u0144ski, P., Hawry\u0142, A., Gancarz, M., Hawry\u0142, D., Oliwa, W., Pa\u0142ka, M., Markowska, J., and Oniszczuk, A. (2024). Potential of Curcumin in the Management of Skin Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073617"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.2c00012","article-title":"Role of Turmeric and Curcumin in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials","volume":"6","author":"Kunnumakkara","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1089\/107555303321223035","article-title":"Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin: A Component of Tumeric (Curcuma Longa)","volume":"9","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.12.005","article-title":"Separation of an Effective Fraction from Turmeric against Streptococcus Mutans Biofilms by the Comparison of Curcuminoid Content and Anti-Acidogenic Activity","volume":"126","author":"Pandit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vollono, L., Falconi, M., GAziano, R., Iacovelli, F., Dika, E., Terraciano, C., Bianchi, L., and Campione, E. (2019). Potential of Curcumin in Skin Disorders. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092169"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.07.051","article-title":"High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Quantitative Determination of Curcuminoids in Curcuma Longa Germplasm","volume":"113","author":"Paramasivam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/foods6100092","article-title":"Curcumin: A Review of Its Effects on Human Health","volume":"6","author":"Hewlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Saadony, M.T., Yang, T., Korma, S.A., Sitohy, M., Abd El-Mageed, T.A., Selim, S., Al Jaouni, S.K., Salem, H.M., Mahmmod, Y., and Soliman, S.M. (2023). Impacts of Turmeric and Its Principal Bioactive Curcumin on Human Health: Pharmaceutical, Medicinal, and Food Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1040259"},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"909","article-title":"Essential Oil of Curcuma Longa L. Rhizomes Chemical Composition, Yeald Variation and Stability","volume":"43","author":"Krepsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quim. Nova"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.31665\/JFB.2018.3149","article-title":"Bioactives in Spices, and Spice Oleoresins: Phytochemicals and Their Beneficial Effects in Food Preservation and Health Promotion","volume":"3","author":"Shahidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Bioact."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.16209","article-title":"Curcumin: A Natural Antiinflammatory Agent","volume":"37","author":"Kohli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.04.043","article-title":"Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) Inhibits Constitutive NF-\u03baB Activation, Induces G1\/S Arrest, Suppresses Proliferation, and Induces Apoptosis in Mantle Cell Lymphoma","volume":"70","author":"Shishodia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sterniczuk, B., Rossouw, P.E., Michelogiannakis, D., and Javed, F. (2022). Effectiveness of Curcumin in Reducing Self-Rated Pain-Levels in the Orofacial Region: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Trials. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116443"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b00975","article-title":"The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Curcumin","volume":"60","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2003.10.014","article-title":"Through Metal Binding, Curcumin Protects against Lead- and Cadmium-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Brain Homogenates and against Lead-Induced Tissue Damage in Rat Brain","volume":"98","author":"Daniel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2023.100968","article-title":"Curcumin, Inflammation, and Neurological Disorders: How Are They Linked?","volume":"12","author":"Garodia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Integr. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benameur, T., Giacomucci, G., Panaro, M.A., Ruggiero, M., Trotta, T., Monda, V., Pizzolorusso, I., Lofrumento, D.D., Porro, C., and Messina, G. (2022). New Promising Therapeutic Avenues of Curcumin in Brain Diseases. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010236"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1145","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1145","article-title":"Curcumin Effects on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Safari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.11.017","article-title":"Curcumin Use in Pulmonary Diseases: State of the Art and Future Perspectives","volume":"115","author":"Lelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Dujaili, E.A.S., and Hajleh, M.N.A. (2022). Effects of Curcumin Intake on CVD Risk Factors and Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Healthy Volunteers\u2014An Exploratory Study. Biol. Life Sci. Forum, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/IECN2022-12363"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox, F.F., Misiou, A., Vierkant, A., Ale-Agha, N., Grandoch, M., Haendeler, J., and Altschmied, J. (2022). Protective Effects of Curcumin in Cardiovascular Diseases\u2014Impact on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondria. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030342"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v2.i1.1","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin in Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"2","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, J., Ma, Z., and Wang, Y. (2024). Advancing Gastrointestinal Health: Curcumin\u2019s Efficacy and Nanopreparations. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071659"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farzaei, M.H., Zobeiri, M., Parvizi, F., El-Senduny, F.F., Marmouzi, I., Coy-Barrera, E., Naseri, R., Nabavi, S.M., Rahimi, R., and Abdollahi, M. (2018). Curcumin in Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Cellular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Clinical Perspective. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070855"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102283","article-title":"The Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Liver Function, Metabolic Profile and Body Composition in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"48","author":"Jalali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., Luo, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, K., Peng, J., and Fan, G. (2023). Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin on Metabolic Diseases: Evidence from Clinical Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043323"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurcahyanti, A.D.R., Cokro, F., Wulanjati, M.P., Mahmoud, M.F., Wink, M., and Sobeh, M. (2022). Curcuminoids for Metabolic Syndrome: Meta-Analysis Evidences Toward Personalized Prevention and Treatment Management. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.891339"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoi, V., Galani, V., Lianos, G.D., Voulgaris, S., Kyritsis, A.P., and Alexiou, G.A. (2021). The Role of Curcumin in Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9091086"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabir, M.T., Rahman, M.H., Akter, R., Behl, T., Kaushik, D., Mittal, V., Pandey, P., Akhtar, M.F., Saleem, A., and Albadrani, G.M. (2021). Potential Role of Curcumin and Its Nanoformulations to Treat Various Types of Cancers. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030392"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, V.H., Nazli, A., Dizzell, S.E., Mueller, K., and Kaushic, C. (2015). The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin Protects the Genital Mucosal Epithelial Barrier from Disruption and Blocks Replication of HIV-1 and HSV-2. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124903"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2017.06.009","article-title":"Intervention Effect and Mechanism of Curcumin in Chronic Urinary Tract Infection in Rats","volume":"10","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.055","article-title":"Use of Curcumin in Psoriasis","volume":"6","author":"Gianfaldoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Wang, J., Liu, L., Sun, X., Zhou, Y., Chen, S., Lu, Y., Cai, X., Hu, M., and Yan, G. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Psoriasis: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.903160"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2022.01.023","article-title":"Transdermal Permeation of Curcumin Promoted by Choline Geranate Ionic Liquid: Potential for the Treatment of Skin Diseases","volume":"30","author":"Boscariol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benameur, T., Soleti, R., Panaro, M.A., La Torre, M.E., Monda, V., Messina, G., and Porro, C. (2021). Curcumin as Prospective Anti-Aging Natural Compound: Focus on Brain. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164794"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zia, A., Farkhondeh, T., Pourbagher-Shahri, A.M., and Samarghandian, S. (2021). The Role of Curcumin in Aging and Senescence: Molecular Mechanisms. Biomed. Pharmacother., 134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111119"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumari, A., Raina, N., Wahi, A., Goh, K.W., Sharma, P., Nagpal, R., Jain, A., Ming, L.C., and Gupta, M. (2022). Wound-Healing Effects of Curcumin and Its Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112288"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.08.016","article-title":"Curcumin as a Wound Healing Agent","volume":"116","author":"Akbik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103887","article-title":"Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Mild to Moderate Acne: A Self-Controlled Split-Face Randomized Study","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barchitta, M., Maugeri, A., Favara, G., San Lio, R.M., Evola, G., Agodi, A., and Basile, G. (2019). Nutrition and Wound Healing: An Overview Focusing on the Beneficial Effects of Curcumin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051119"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12622","article-title":"Mast Cell-Neural Interactions Contribute to Pain and Itch","volume":"282","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.08.006","article-title":"Sensory Neurons Co-Opt Classical Immune Signaling Pathways to Mediate Chronic Itch","volume":"171","author":"Oetjen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-009-2217-7","article-title":"Inhibitory Effects of Curcuminoids on Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reaction and Scratching Behavior in Mice","volume":"32","author":"Trinh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacal Res."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-014-0039-2","article-title":"Effects of Turmeric on Uremic Pruritus in End Stage Renal Disease Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"27","author":"Pakfetrat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.16574","article-title":"Emollient and Antipruritic Effect of Itch Cream in Dermatological Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"37","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.12222","article-title":"Contact Dermatitis as an Adverse Reaction to Some Topically Used European Herbal Medicinal Products\u2014Part 1: Achillea Millefolium-Curcuma Longa","volume":"71","author":"Calapai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957450","article-title":"Influence of Piperine on the Pharmacokinetics of Curcumin in Animals and Human Volunteers","volume":"64","author":"Shoba","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9432-8","article-title":"Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16064567","article-title":"Curcumin: An Anti-Inflammatory Molecule from a Curry Spice on the Path to Cancer Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Basnet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-6-10","article-title":"Dose Escalation of a Curcuminoid Formulation","volume":"6","author":"Lao","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahab, S., Annadurai, S., Abullais, S.S., Das, G., Ahmad, W., Ahmad, M.F., Kandasamy, G., Vasudevan, R., Ali, M.S., and Amir, M. (2021). Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122751"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2016.1225775","article-title":"The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Licorice, a Widely Used Chinese Herb","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6178","article-title":"Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra): A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review","volume":"32","author":"Pastorino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X24500289","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of Licorice: The Preparation, Chemical Composition, Bioactivities and Its Applications","volume":"52","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann, J., Gendrisch, F., Schempp, C.M., and W\u00f6lfle, U. (2020). New Herbal Biomedicines for the Topical Treatment of Dermatological Disorders. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8020027"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630310014369","article-title":"The Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis with Licorice Gel","volume":"14","author":"Saeedi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_197","unstructured":"(2024, November 04). Licorice Root: Usefulness and Safety, Available online: https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/licorice-root."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2021.100206","article-title":"Revisiting Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as Anti-Inflammatory, Antivirals and Immunomodulators: Potential Pharmacological Applications with Mechanistic Insight","volume":"2","author":"Bisht","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine Plus"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.04.029","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-like Symptoms through Inhibition of HMGB1","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07240","article-title":"Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity, and Potential Health Benefits of Glycyrrhiza Glabra","volume":"7","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, A., Munir, S., Badshah, S.L., Khan, N., Ghani, L., Poulson, B.G., Emwas, A.-H., and Jaremko, M. (2020). Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225243"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leite, C.d.S., Bonaf\u00e9, G.A., Pires, O.C., dos Santos, T.W., Pereira, G.P., Pereira, J.A., Rocha, T., Martinez, C.A.R., Ortega, M.M., and Ribeiro, M.L. (2023). Dipotassium Glycyrrhizininate Improves Skin Wound Healing by Modulating Inflammatory Process. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043839"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghababaei, F., and Hadidi, M. (2023). Recent Advances in Potential Health Benefits of Quercetin. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071020"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752389","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2752389","article-title":"The Ethanol Extract of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Uralensis) Protects against Triptolide-Induced Oxidative Stress through Activation of Nrf2","volume":"2017","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batiha, G.E.-S., Beshbishy, A.M., El-Mleeh, A., Abdel-Daim, M.M., and Devkota, H.P. (2020). Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities of Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030352"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.57.12.0017","article-title":"Inhibition by Licochalcone A, a Novel Flavonoid Isolated from Liquorice Root, of IL-1\u03b2-Induced PGE 2 Production in Human Skin Fibroblasts","volume":"57","author":"Furuhashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6200","article-title":"Can Active Components of Licorice, Glycyrrhizin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Lick Rheumatoid Arthritis?","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2012.6.6.491","article-title":"Antioxidant Activities of Licorice-Derived Prenylflavonoids","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"03946320221135462","DOI":"10.1177\/03946320221135462","article-title":"Licochalcone A Inhibits IgE-Mediated Allergic Reaction through PLC\/ERK\/STAT3 Pathway","volume":"36","author":"Shu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105004","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Safety of Compound Glycyrrhizin in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"91","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min, M., Tarmaster, A., Bodemer, A., and Sivamani, R.K. (2024). The Influence of a Plant-Based Diet on Skin Health: Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Skin Healing, and Plant-Based Sources of Micro- and Macro-Nutrients. Life, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/life14111439"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90097-X","article-title":"Effects of Glycyrrhizin and Glycyrrhetinic Acid on Dexamethasone-Induced Changes in Histamine Synthesis of Mouse Mastocytoma P-815 Cells and in Histamine Release from Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells","volume":"38","author":"Noriaki","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6127327","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6127327","article-title":"A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Compound Glycyrrhizin Capsules Combined with a Topical Corticosteroid in Adults with Chronic Eczema","volume":"2020","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_214","first-page":"437","article-title":"Topical Licorice for Aphthous: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"48","author":"Dorsareh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4459","article-title":"A Review of the Pharmacological Efficacy and Safety of Licorice Root from Corroborative Clinical Trial Findings","volume":"23","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlDehlawi, H., and Jazzar, A. (2023). The Power of Licorice (Radix glycyrrhizae) to Improve Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Properties and Clinical Implications. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11212887"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.79103","article-title":"Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): An Overview","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sah, A., Naseef, P.P., Kuruniyan, M.S., Jain, G.K., Zakir, F., and Aggarwal, G. (2022). A Comprehensive Study of Therapeutic Applications of Chamomile. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15101284"},{"key":"ref_219","unstructured":"UTAD, J.B. (2024, November 05). Jardim Bot\u00e2nico UTAD | Esp\u00e9cie Matricaria Recutita. Available online: https:\/\/jb.utad.pt\/especie\/Matricaria_recutita."},{"key":"ref_220","first-page":"895","article-title":"Chamomile: A Herbal Medicine of the Past with Bright Future","volume":"3","author":"Srivastava","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Venditti, A., Sharifi-Rad, M., Kr\u0119giel, D., Sharifi-Rad, J., Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Santini, A., Souto, E.B., and Novellino, E. (2019). The Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061305"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Wu, H., Sun, L., Cheng, K., Lv, Z., Chen, K., Qian, F., and Li, Y. (2022). (-)-\u03b1-Bisabolol Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-\u03baB Signaling in Mast Cell. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27133985"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eddin, L.B., Jha, N.K., Goyal, S.N., Agrawal, Y.O., Subramanya, S.B., Bastaki, S.M.A., and Ojha, S. (2022). Health Benefits, Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of \u03b1-Bisabolol. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071370"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Mihyaoui, A., Esteves da Silva, J.C.G., Charfi, S., Candela Castillo, M.E., Lamarti, A., and Arnao, M.B. (2022). Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Review of Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Uses. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040479"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2020.104769","article-title":"Six Herbs Essential Oils Suppressing Inflammatory Responses via Inhibiting COX-2\/TNF-\u03b1\/IL-6\/NF-\u03baB Activation","volume":"156","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"ref_226","unstructured":"(2024, November 23). Chamomile\u2014Special Subjects. Available online: https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/professional\/special-subjects\/dietary-supplements\/chamomile."},{"key":"ref_227","first-page":"28","article-title":"Using Chamomile Solution or a 1% Topical Hydrocortisone Ointment in the Management of Peristomal Skin Lesions in Colostomy Patients: Results of a Controlled Clinical Study","volume":"57","author":"Charousaei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manag."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15347354231164600","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354231164600","article-title":"Effect of Chamomile on the Complications of Cancer: A Systematic Review","volume":"22","author":"Maleki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2010.11.1.35","article-title":"Effect of German Chamomile Oil Application on Alleviating Atopic Dermatitis-like Immune Alterations in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_230","unstructured":"(2024, November 23). 7 Ways to Soothe Your Skin with the Benefits of Chamomile. Available online: https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/beauty-skin-care\/chamomile-benefits-for-skin."},{"key":"ref_231","unstructured":"Gupta, R.C., Lall, R., and Srivastava, A. (2021). Chapter 44\u2014German Chamomile. Nutraceuticals, Academic Press. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02392-x","article-title":"A Review of the Bioactive Components and Pharmacological Properties of Lavandula Species","volume":"396","author":"Batiha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larit, F., and Le\u00f3n, F. (2023). Therapeutics to Treat Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective from Algerian Traditional Medicine. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12223860"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681304","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/681304","article-title":"Lavender and the Nervous System","volume":"2013","author":"Koulivand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato, H., Kato, K., Koreishi, M., Nakamura, Y., Tsujino, Y., and Satoh, A. (2024). Aromatic Oil from Lavender as an Atopic Dermatitis Suppressant. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296408"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.07.076","article-title":"Itch: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnostic Workup","volume":"86","author":"Roh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maintz, L., Bieber, T., Simpson, H.D., and Demessant-Flavigny, A.-L. (2022). From Skin Barrier Dysfunction to Systemic Impact of Atopic Dermatitis: Implications for a Precision Approach in Dermocosmetics and Medicine. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12060893"},{"key":"ref_238","unstructured":"UTAD, J.B. (2024, November 05). Jardim Bot\u00e2nico UTAD | Esp\u00e9cie Lavandula Angustifolia. Available online: https:\/\/jb.utad.pt\/especie\/Lavandula_angustifolia."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diass, K., Merzouki, M., Elfazazi, K., Azzouzi, H., Challioui, A., Azzaoui, K., Hammouti, B., Touzani, R., Depeint, F., and Ayerdi Gotor, A. (2023). Essential Oil of Lavandula Officinalis: Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12071571"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1078\/094471102321621322","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Linalool and Linalyl Acetate Constituents of Essential Oils","volume":"9","author":"Peana","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fjc.0000238589.00365.42","article-title":"Linalyl Acetate as a Major Ingredient of Lavender Essential Oil Relaxes the Rabbit Vascular Smooth Muscle through Dephosphorylation of Myosin Light Chain","volume":"48","author":"Koto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pries, R., Jeschke, S., Leichtle, A., and Bruchhage, K.-L. (2023). Modes of Action of 1,8-Cineol in Infections and Inflammation. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13060751"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francomano, F., Caruso, A., Barbarossa, A., Fazio, A., La Torre, C., Ceramella, J., Mallamaci, R., Saturnino, C., Iacopetta, D., and Sinicropi, M.S. (2019). \u03b2-Caryophyllene: A Sesquiterpene with Countless Biological Properties. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9245420"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha, N.K., Sharma, C., Hashiesh, H.M., Arunachalam, S., Meeran, M.N., Javed, H., Patil, C.R., Goyal, S.N., and Ojha, S. (2021). \u03b2-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid Can Be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.590201"},{"key":"ref_245","first-page":"14","article-title":"Reviews A Review about Lavender Importance","volume":"7","author":"Mahmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Russ. J. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandilarov, I., Gardjeva, P., Georgieva-Kotetarova, M., Zlatanova, H., Vilmosh, N., Kostadinova, I., Katsarova, M., Atliev, K., and Dimitrova, S. (2023). Effect of Plant Extracts Combinations on TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-10 Levels in Serum of Rats Exposed to Acute and Chronic Stress. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12173049"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nara, H., and Watanabe, R. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 and Its Involvement in Lipid Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189889"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., and Kishimoto, T. (2014). IL-6 in Inflammation, Immunity, and Disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 6.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210920094504","article-title":"Linalool as a Therapeutic and Medicinal Tool in Depression Treatment: A Review","volume":"20","author":"Maia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, V., Nielsen, B., Solas, M., Ram\u00edrez, M.J., and J\u00e4ger, A.K. (2017). Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia) Essential Oil on Central Nervous System Targets. Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00280"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4517971","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4517971","article-title":"Commercial Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobials to Treat Skin Diseases","volume":"2017","author":"Orchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_252","first-page":"231","article-title":"The Effects of Aromatherapy on Pruritus in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis","volume":"14","author":"Ro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01056.x","article-title":"The Role of Lavender Oil in Relieving Perineal Discomfort Following Childbirth: A Blind Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"19","author":"Dale","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201520150056","article-title":"Antioxidant, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lavender Essential Oil","volume":"87","author":"Luft","year":"2015","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.10.002","article-title":"Investigation of the Effectiveness of Syzygium Aromaticum, Lavandula Angustifolia and Geranium Robertianum Essential Oils in the Treatment of Acute External Otitis: A Comparative Trial with Ciprofloxacin","volume":"47","author":"Panahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102510","article-title":"The Effect of Lavender on Pain and Healing of Episiotomy: A Systematic Review","volume":"53","author":"Abedian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2011.02.003","article-title":"Episiotomy Pain Relief: Use of Lavender Oil Essence in Primiparous Iranian Women","volume":"18","author":"Sheikhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahimnia, F., Nemattalab, M., and Hesari, Z. (2024). Development and Characterization of a Topical Gel, Containing Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Oil Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04440-2"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2011.01.003","article-title":"The Efficacy of Lavender Oil on Perineal Trauma: A Review of the Evidence","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2023.105720","article-title":"Lavender and Metformin Effectively Propagate Progesterone Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial","volume":"172","author":"Simaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357991772178","article-title":"Lavender Oil Inhibits Immediate-Type Allergic Reaction in Mice and Rats","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_262","unstructured":"(2024, October 31). Lavender Oil for Skin. Available online: https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/lavender-oil-for-skin."},{"key":"ref_263","unstructured":"(2024, October 31). Essential Oil for Burns: Lavender, Peppermint, Best, and More. Available online: https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/essential-oil-for-burns."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tisserand, R., and Young, R. (2013). Essential Oil Safety, Churchill Livingstone. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06241-4.00013-8"},{"key":"ref_265","unstructured":"(2024, October 31). Lavender Allergy: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & More. Available online: https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/lavender-allergy."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.05.018","article-title":"Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation Suppresses Allergic Airway Inflammation and Mucous Cell Hyperplasia in a Murine Model of Asthma","volume":"108","author":"Shibakura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_267","first-page":"1073","article-title":"The Effect of Peppermint Oil on Symptomatic Treatment of Pruritus in Pregnant Women","volume":"11","author":"Mojab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S116995","article-title":"Effectiveness of Topical Peppermint Oil on Symptomatic Treatment of Chronic Pruritus","volume":"9","author":"Elsaie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_269","unstructured":"Nogueira, T., Cunha, A.P., and Roque, O.R. (2012). Plantas Arom\u00e1ticas e \u00d3leos Essenciais: Composi\u00e7\u00e3o e Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian."},{"key":"ref_270","unstructured":"Cunha, P., Silva, A.P., and Roque, O.R. (2012). Plantas e Produtos Vegetais em Fitoterapia, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_271","unstructured":"Baudoux, D. (2019). O Grande Manual Da Aromaterapia de Dominique Baudoux, Editora Laszlo."},{"key":"ref_272","first-page":"290","article-title":"Antiemetic Activity of Volatile Oil from Mentha Spicata and Mentha \u00d7 Piperita in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting","volume":"7","author":"Nasiri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1994.014003228.x","article-title":"Effect of Peppermint and Eucalyptus Oil Preparations on Neurophysiological and Experimental Algesimetric Headache Parameters","volume":"14","author":"Schmidt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_274","first-page":"672","article-title":"Effectiveness of Oleum menthae piperitae and paracetamol in therapy of headache of the tension type","volume":"67","author":"Fresenius","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"ref_275","unstructured":"Price, S. (2002). Aromaterapia e as Emo\u00e7\u00f5es: Como Usar \u00d3leos Essenciais Para Equilibrar o Corpo e a Mente, Bertrand Brasil."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Carvajal, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Ballester, G., and Ferrer-Montiel, A. (2022). TRPV1 in Chronic Pruritus and Pain: Soft Modulation as a Therapeutic Strategy. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.930964"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2014.30.4.297","article-title":"Peppermint Oil Promotes Hair Growth without Toxic Signs","volume":"30","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudz, N., Kobylinska, L., Pokajewicz, K., Hor\u010dinov\u00e1 Sedl\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1, V., Fedin, R., Voloshyn, M., Myskiv, I., Brindza, J., Wieczorek, P.P., and Lipok, J. (2023). Mentha piperita: Essential Oil and Extracts, Their Biological Activities, and Perspectives on the Development of New Medicinal and Cosmetic Products. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28217444"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Ren, S., Yang, H., Tang, S., Guo, C., Liu, M., Tao, Q., Ming, T., and Xu, H. (2022). Peppermint Essential Oil: Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activity, Pharmacological Effect and Application. Biomed. Pharmacother., 154.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113559"},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, P., and Pandey, A. (2018). Prospective of Essential Oils of the Genus Mentha as Biopesticides: A Review. Front. Plant Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01295"},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud, O., Soares, G.B., and Yosipovitch, G. (2022). Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Itch. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010420"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00652-9","article-title":"A TRP Channel That Senses Cold Stimuli and Menthol","volume":"108","author":"Peier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_283","first-page":"132","article-title":"Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) Essential Oil as a Potent Anti-Inflammatory, Wound Healing and Anti-Nociceptive Drug","volume":"10","author":"Kehili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_284","first-page":"31","article-title":"The Influence of Peppermint Aromatherapy on Reducing Uremic Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis","volume":"16","author":"Sembiring","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Keperawatan Soedirman"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.10.065","article-title":"A Randomized, Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Trial of a Synthetic TRPM8 Agonist (Cryosim-1) Gel for Itch","volume":"84","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_286","unstructured":"(2024, October 26). Aromatherapy Hydrosols\u2014The Gentle, Watery Cousins. Oshadhi Essential Oils. Available online: https:\/\/oshadhi.co.uk\/kb\/all-about-aromatherapy-hydrosols\/?srsltid=AfmBOoqkjxkLGoMwvizflv1gbNaJrfxLPfO0fW6byHR7IAtmJG-GnCF3."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1017\/wet.2019.53","article-title":"Common Evening-Primrose (Oenothera biennis L.)","volume":"33","author":"Steckel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Weed Technol."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8049","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01949G","article-title":"Evening Primrose Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Its Bioactives, Extraction, Analysis, Oil Quality, Therapeutic Merits, and Safety","volume":"14","author":"Farag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7428.1358","article-title":"Evening Primrose Oil for Atopic Dermatitis: Time to Say Goodnight","volume":"327","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi, M., Nourani, N., Sanaie, S., and Hamedeyazdan, S. (2024). The Effect of Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil on Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04378-5"},{"key":"ref_291","unstructured":"(2024, October 28). Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera lamarckiana) | Applewood Seed. Available online: https:\/\/www.applewoodseed.com\/product\/evening-primrose-common\/."},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knez, M., Stangoulis, J.C.R., Glibetic, M., and Tako, E. (2017). The Linoleic Acid: Dihomo-\u03b3-Linolenic Acid Ratio (LA:DGLA)\u2014An Emerging Biomarker of Zn Status. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080825"},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustonen, A.-M., and Nieminen, P. (2023). Dihomo-\u03b3-Linolenic Acid (20:3n-6)\u2014Metabolism, Derivatives, and Potential Significance in Chronic Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032116"},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, J., Choi, Y.I., Jo, H.J., Lee, S.H., Lee, H.K., Kim, H., Moon, J.Y., and Jung, S.J. (2021). The Role of Prostaglandin E1 as a Pain Mediator through Facilitation of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel 2 via the EP2 Receptor in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons of Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413534"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fecker, R., Magyari-Pavel, I.Z., Cocan, I., Alexa, E., Popescu, I.M., Lombrea, A., Bora, L., Dehelean, C.A., Buda, V., and Folescu, R. (2022). Oxidative Stability and Protective Effect of the Mixture between Helianthus annuus L. and Oenothera biennis L. Oils on 3D Tissue Models of Skin Irritation and Phototoxicity. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11212977"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timoszuk, M., Bielawska, K., and Skrzydlewska, E. (2018). Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Biological Activity Dependent on Chemical Composition. Antioxidants, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7080108"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010ci\u017em\u00e1rov\u00e1, B., Hubkov\u00e1, B., Tome\u010dkov\u00e1, V., and Birkov\u00e1, A. (2023). Flavonoids as Promising Natural Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Selected Skin Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076324"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzia\u0142o, M., Mierziak, J., Korzun, U., Preisner, M., Szopa, J., and Kulma, A. (2016). The Potential of Plant Phenolics in Prevention and Therapy of Skin Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020160"},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muscolo, A., Mariateresa, O., Giulio, T., and Mariateresa, R. (2024). Oxidative Stress: The Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063264"},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhan, M. (2024). The Promising Role of Polyphenols in Skin Disorders. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29040865"},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.33320\/maced.pharm.bull.2009.55.001","article-title":"A Review of Phytotherapy of Acne Vulgaris","volume":"55","author":"Kulevanova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Maced. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ka\u017amierska, A., Boles\u0142awska, I., Pola\u0144ska, A., Da\u0144czak-Pazdrowska, A., Jagielski, P., Drzyma\u0142a-Czy\u017c, S., Adamski, Z., and Przys\u0142awski, J. (2022). Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Skin Condition in a Group of Patients Treated with Isotretinoin\u2014A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142980"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, T.-K., Zhong, L., and Santiago, J.L. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Barrier Repair Effects of Topical Application of Some Plant Oils. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010070"},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.42645","article-title":"Evening Primrose Oil Is Effective in Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"74","author":"Senapati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2018.30.4.409","article-title":"Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Korean Patients With Mild Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study","volume":"30","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2013.25.3.285","article-title":"Dose-Dependent Effects of Evening Primrose Oil in Children and Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"25","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_307","first-page":"CD004416","article-title":"Oral Evening Primrose Oil and Borage Oil for Eczema","volume":"2013","author":"Bamford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04085.x","article-title":"Evening Primrose Oil in the Treatment of Atopic Eczema: Effect on Clinical Status, Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Circulating Blood Prostaglandins","volume":"117","author":"Mattila","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000049385","article-title":"The Therapeutic Effect of Evening Primrose Oil in Atopic Dermatitis Patients with Dry Scaly Skin Lesions Is Associated with the Normalization of Serum Gamma-Interferon Levels","volume":"15","author":"Yoon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ski. Pharmacol. Appl. Ski. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutcherson, T.C., Cieri-Hutcherson, N.E., Lycouras, M.M., Koehler, D., Mortimer, M., Schaefer, C.J., Costa, O.S., Bohlmann, A.L., and Singhal, M.K. (2022). Systematic Review of Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Preparations for the Facilitation of Parturition. Pharmacy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10060172"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HNP.0000318026.45527.07","article-title":"A Review of the Clinical Efficacy of Evening Primrose","volume":"22","author":"Stonemetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Holist. Nurs. Pract."},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102942","article-title":"Phytotherapy in Paediatric Skin Disorders\u2014A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"74","author":"Kloter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-021-00707-3","article-title":"Effect of Topical Applications of Sunflower Seed Oil on Systemic Fatty Acid Levels in Under-Two Children under Rehabilitation for Severe Acute Malnutrition in Bangladesh: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"20","author":"Shahunja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017420","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-7054202044017420","article-title":"Maceration Extraction Conditions for Determining the Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don","volume":"44","author":"Cacique","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Agrotecnologia"},{"key":"ref_315","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Evening Primrose Oil","volume":"80","author":"Bayles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_316","unstructured":"(2024, October 26). Evening Primrose Oil: Usefulness and Safety, Available online: https:\/\/www.nccih.nih.gov\/health\/evening-primrose-oil."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fecker, R., Buda, V., Alexa, E., Avram, S., Pavel, I.Z., Muntean, D., Cocan, I., Watz, C., Minda, D., and Dehelean, C.A. (2020). Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Oenothera biennis L. Hydroalcoholic Extract. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10060818"},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2007.07.003","article-title":"The Safety of Evening Primrose Oil in Epilepsy","volume":"77","author":"Puri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-018-0158-2","article-title":"Review of Herbal Medications with the Potential to Cause Bleeding: Dental Implications, and Risk Prediction and Prevention Avenues","volume":"10","author":"Abebe","year":"2019","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"key":"ref_320","unstructured":"(2006). Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed\u00ae) Evening Primrose. Evening Primrose, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10795","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO03217A","article-title":"Antigenotoxic and Cosmetic Potential of Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra) Extract: Protection against Oxidative DNA Damage","volume":"15","author":"Peixoto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, S., Monteiro, M., Gaiv\u00e3o, I., and Matos, R.S. (2024). Preliminary Insights into the Antigenotoxic Potential of Lemon Essential Oil and Olive Oil in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13121623"},{"key":"ref_323","first-page":"235","article-title":"The Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Effects of Aloe Vera Leaf Extract in Vivo and in Vitro","volume":"34","author":"Kayraldiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turk. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2018.1435686","article-title":"The Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Potential of the Methanolic Root Extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mottola, F., Finelli, R., Iovine, C., Carannante, M., Santonastaso, M., and Rocco, L. (2021). Anti-Genotoxicity Evaluation of Ellagic Acid and Curcumin\u2014An In Vitro Study on Zebrafish Blood Cells. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11178142"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samuels, N., and Ben-Arye, E. (2020). Exploring Herbal Medicine Use during Palliative Cancer Care: The Integrative Physician as a Facilitator of Pharmacist\u2013Patient\u2013Oncologist Communication. Pharmaceuticals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13120455"},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2024.07.005","article-title":"Enhancing End-of-Life Care With Home-Based Palliative Interventions: A Systematic Review","volume":"68","author":"Feliciano","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain. Symptom Manag."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.22271\/phyto.2024.v13.i2d.14905","article-title":"The Role of Plants in Traditional and Modern Medicine","volume":"13","author":"Niazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_329","first-page":"CD008320","article-title":"Pharmacological Interventions for Pruritus in Adult Palliative Care Patients","volume":"2016","author":"Siemens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshino, T., Shimada, S., Homma, M., Makino, T., Mimura, M., and Watanabe, K. (2021). Clinical Risk Factors of Licorice-Induced Pseudoaldosteronism Based on Glycyrrhizin-Metabolite Concentrations: A Narrative Review. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.719197"},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14519","article-title":"Review Article: The Physiologic Effects and Safety of Peppermint Oil and Its Efficacy in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Other Functional Disorders","volume":"47","author":"Chumpitazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, S., Marques, P., and Matos, R.S. (2024). Exploring Aromatherapy as a Complementary Approach in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review. J. Palliat. Med.","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2024.0019"},{"key":"ref_333","first-page":"2066","article-title":"Current Challenges for the Use of Phytotherapy: A Narrative","volume":"16","author":"Barbosa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contrib. Cienc. Soc."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23743735241241181","DOI":"10.1177\/23743735241241181","article-title":"Factors Influencing Use of Medicinal Herbs","volume":"11","author":"Krsnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Patient Exp."},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arellano, L., Alcubilla, P., Legu\u00edzamo, L., Arellano, L., Alcubilla, P., and Legu\u00edzamo, L. (2023). Ethical Considerations in Informed Consent. Ethics-Scientific Research, Ethical Issues, Artificial Intelligence and Education, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1001319"},{"key":"ref_336","unstructured":"(2024, December 07). Ensuring Equity in Access to Palliative Care. Available online: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/ensuring-equity-in-access-to-palliative-care."}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/24\/3515\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:53:17Z","timestamp":1760115197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/13\/24\/3515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":336,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["plants13243515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants13243515","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2223-7747","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}}}