{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T11:13:26Z","timestamp":1759922006380,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center","award":["UIDB\/04035\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04035\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world\u2019s third most popular vegetable in terms of consumption and the fourth most produced. Potatoes can be easily cultivated in different climates and locations around the globe and often in soils contaminated by heavy metals due to industrial activities. This study assessed heavy metal accumulation in different organs of three S. tuberosum L. varieties (Agria, D\u00e9sir\u00e9e, and Red Lady) grown in different substrate formulations containing slag and waste from the Caveira polymetallic sulfite mine in Portugal. Results reveal that Cu, Pb, and As accumulation in the different organs of the plant depends on variety and substrate formulation, with tubers exceeding reference values from the literature. Tubers accumulated less Cu (varying between 17.3 and 32 mg\/kg), Pb (varying between 5 and 27.6 mg\/kg) and As (varying between 4 and 14.8 mg\/kg) compared to other plant organs, and the D\u00e9sir\u00e9e variety exhibited high Pb (with a maximum of 27.6 mg\/kg) accumulation in tubers compared to the remaining varieties. Although the phenological development of plants was not impacted, substrate formulation played a critical role in the plant\u2019s metal uptake. The Agria variety presented a lower contamination risk in tubers, but potato cultivation in contaminated soils can present a risk to human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14020230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T09:01:02Z","timestamp":1736931662000},"page":"230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Deactivated Mine Waste Substrates on the Growth and Cu, As and Pb Accumulation in Tubers, Roots, Stems and Leaves of Three Solanum tuberosum L. Varieties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3944-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R. F.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando H.","family":"Reboredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7021-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Cawina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Lidon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBioTec Research Center, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-06832009000400001","article-title":"Uma vis\u00e3o sobre qualidade do solo","volume":"33","author":"Vezzani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Ci\u00eanc. Solo"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner, J. (2021). Soil as an Archetype of Complexity: A Systems Approach to Improve Insights, Learning, and Management of Coupled Biogeochemical Processes and Environmental Externalities. Soil Syst., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems5030039"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Ribeiro, M. (2013). Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o do Solo por Metais Pesados. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias]. Available online: https:\/\/recil.ulusofona.pt\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/13d24d7a-5d0f-4814-9813-051bda5dc9a3\/content."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(93)90116-N","article-title":"How differences in the field influence Cu, Fe and Zn uptake by Halimione portulacoides and Spartina maritima","volume":"133","author":"Reboredo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116437108","article-title":"Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture","volume":"108","author":"Tilman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10452","article-title":"Solutions for a cultivated planet","volume":"478","author":"Foley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enamorado-Montes, G., Reino-Causil, B., Urango-Cardenas, I., Marrugo-Madrid, S., and Marrugo-Negrete, J. (2021). Mercury accumulation in commercial varieties of Oryza sativa L. cultivated in soils of La Mojana Region, Colombia. Toxics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9110304"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1021\/es9604828","article-title":"Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils: Role of synthetic chelates in lead phytoextraction","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-005-0130-7","article-title":"Concentrations of arsenic and heavy metals in vegetation at two abandoned mine tailings in South Korea","volume":"27","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.05.002","article-title":"Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao Zinc Plant in China via consumption of vegetables","volume":"383","author":"Zheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-009-9248-3","article-title":"Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong, China: Implication for human health","volume":"31","author":"Zhuang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2015.08.004","article-title":"An integrative assessment of environmental degradation of Caveira abandoned mine area (Southern Portugal)","volume":"159","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2017.11.021","article-title":"The paradigm of high concentration of metals of natural or anthropogenic origin in soils\u2014The case of Neves-Corvo mine area (Southern Portugal)","volume":"186","author":"Pelica","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6844-7","article-title":"Heavy metal content of edible plants collected close to an area of intense mining activity (southern Portugal)","volume":"190","author":"Reboredo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)81228-9","article-title":"Some observations on the leaf ultrastructure of Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen grown in a medium containing copper","volume":"137","author":"Reboredo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"113","article-title":"Lead uptake, toxicity, and detoxification in plants","volume":"Volume 213","author":"Whitacre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194149","article-title":"Interaction between copper and zinc and their uptake by Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen","volume":"52","author":"Reboredo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazl.2022.100064","article-title":"Evidence of silicon-mediated alleviation of Cd toxicity and accumulation in rice","volume":"3","author":"Collin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hazard. Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2009.05.002","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of heavy metals tolerant protoplasts from Cannabis sativa L. plants grown in vitro","volume":"77","author":"Ventrella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Oliveira, A.C.S., and Miranda, S.F. (1981). A Cultura da Batata [The Potato Crop], Minas Gr\u00e1ficas Editora."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haider, M.W., Nafees, M., Ahmad, I., Ali, B., Iqbal, R., Ayyub, C.M., Amjad, M., Amin, E., and Saleem, B.A. (2022). Postharvest dormancy-related changes of endogenous hormones in relation to different dormancy-breaking methods of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.945256"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Stewart, D., and Taylor, M. (2017). Potato\u2014A Basis for Human Nutrition and Health Benefits, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB)."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, B., Gao, Y., Zhang, C., Zou, C., Gong, Z., Hu, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Y., Yang, H., and Wu, Y. (2020). Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) can be grown safely for human consumption in slight Hg-contaminated soils across China mainland. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65430-1"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, X., Lin, Q., Deng, P., Feng, T., and Zhang, Y. (2022). Assessment of Heavy Metal Uptake in Potatoes Cultivated in a Typical Karst Landform, Weining County, China. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11152379"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.06.005","article-title":"Assessment of the variation of heavy metals and pesticide residues in native and modern potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars grown at different altitudes in a typical mining region in Peru","volume":"11","author":"Maus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Y., Pan, Z., Zhu, M., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Cheng, Y., and Zhang, N. (2023). Exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of congenital heart defects: A narrative review. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1121826"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"The Nutrition Source (2024, December 19). Copper. Harvard T. H. Chain, School of Public Health. Available online: https:\/\/nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu\/copper\/."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02412-2","article-title":"The molecular mechanisms of copper metabolism and its roles in human diseases","volume":"472","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011","article-title":"Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations","volume":"23","author":"Cravotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/15320383.2012.649377","article-title":"Environmental Assessment of the Caveira Abandoned Mine (Southern Portugal): Part 1: Characterization of Metal Contaminated Soil","volume":"21","author":"Reis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soil Sediment Contam."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envadv.2022.100241","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the chemical composition of acid mine drainage for the development of statistical correlations linking electrical conductivity with acid mine drainage concentrations","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Adv."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-008-9900-z","article-title":"Impact of acid mine drainage (AMD) on water quality, stream sediments and periphytic diatom communities in the surrounding streams of Aljustrel mining area (Portugal)","volume":"200","author":"Luis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2007.10.003","article-title":"Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 2: Geochemical controls on constituent concentrations","volume":"23","author":"Cravotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, J., Thornton, M., and Nolte, P. (2020). Potato growth and development. Potato Production Systems, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39157-7"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Soil fertility situation in potato producing Kenyan highlands Case of KALRO-Tigoni","volume":"6","author":"Muthoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumalan, R.L., Nescu, V., Berbecea, A., Sumalan, R.M., Crisan, M., Negrea, P., and Ciulca, S. (2023). The Impact of Heavy Metal Accumulation on Some Physiological Parameters in Silphium perfoliatum L. Plants Grown in Hydroponic Systems. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12081718"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, S., Niu, Y., Xing, L., Liang, Z., Song, X., Ding, M., and Huang, W. (2024). Research progress of the detection and analysis methods of heavy metals in plants. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1310328"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, A., Wang, Y., Tan, S.N., Yusof, M.L., Ghosh, S., and Chen, Z. (2020). Phytoremediation: A promising approach for revegetation of heavy metal-polluted land. Front. Plant Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00359"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"229","article-title":"Concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de As, Cu, Hg e Zn em solos e produtos agr\u00edcolas (Brassica oleracea L., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill e Zea mays L.) numa \u00e1rea industrial no NW de Portugal","volume":"36","author":"Neves","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Ci\u00eanc. Agr\u00e1r."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kabata-Pendias, A. (2011). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, CRC Press. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/b10158"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2024, November 25). Lead. Last Updated on 31 October 2024, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/lead\/learn-about-lead."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2024, November 24). European Commission Regulation N\u00ba 1881\/2006 of 19 December 2006 Setting Maximum Levels for Certain Contaminants in Foodstuffs. Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=celex%3A32006R1881."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520701304757","article-title":"Accumulation of heavy metals in plants and potential phytoremediation of lead by potato, Solanum tuberosum L.","volume":"42","author":"Antonious","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-017-9943-4","article-title":"Metal-contaminated potato crops and potential human health risk in Bolivian mining highlands","volume":"39","author":"Garrido","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-13-337","article-title":"Evaluation of content and estimation of daily intake of cadmium and lead in several varieties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivated in the Canary Islands (Spain)","volume":"77","author":"Luis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1021\/es400720r","article-title":"Arsenic speciation and localization in horticultural produce grown in a historically impacted mining region","volume":"47","author":"Norton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"60","article-title":"Yield and Quality of Potato As Affected By Arsenic Levels","volume":"8","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Agric."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131039","article-title":"Comprehensive mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity in plants, detoxification, and remediation","volume":"450","author":"Ghuge","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"161","article-title":"M\u00e9todos cromatogr\u00e1ficos, volum\u00e9tricos e potenciom\u00e9tricos para an\u00e1lise qu\u00edmica quantitativa de \u00e1gua subterr\u00e2nea e sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o no aqu\u00edfero cenoz\u00f3ico da Bacia do Baixo Tejo, Portugal","volume":"27","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geoci\u00eancias"}],"container-title":["Plants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/2\/230\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:29:17Z","timestamp":1759919357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2223-7747\/14\/2\/230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["plants14020230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants14020230","relation":{},"ISSN":["2223-7747"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2223-7747"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]}}}