{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T05:12:01Z","timestamp":1774242721010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P.","award":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P.","award":["SFRH\/BD\/132332\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/132332\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia I.P.","award":["2023.06755.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06755.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["SFRH\/BD\/132332\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/132332\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["2023.06755.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06755.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50006 + LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/132332\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/132332\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["2023.06755.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.06755.CEECIND"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rising global temperatures are increasingly affecting plant performance, leading to reduced growth, altered metabolism, and compromised membrane integrity. Although plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) show promise in enhancing thermotolerance, the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of PGPB inoculation on Zea mays under control (26 \u00b0C) and heat stress (36 \u00b0C) conditions. Maize plants were inoculated with two thermotolerant bacterial strains and their effects were compared to non-inoculated plants through morphometric, biochemical, and lipidomic analyses. Heat stress negatively affected germination (\u221235.9%), increased oxidative stress (+46% for LPO, +57% for SOD, +68% for GPx), and altered leaf lipid composition, particularly fatty acids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids. Inoculation with Pantoea sp. improved germination by 15% for seeds exposed to heat stress, increased growth (+28% shoot and +17% root), enhanced antioxidant defenses (+35% for CAT and +38% for APx), and reduced membrane damage by 65% compared with the control. Lipidomic profiling revealed that inoculation mitigated temperature-induced lipid alterations by reducing triacylglycerol accumulation and preserving the levels of polyunsaturated galactolipids and hexosylceramides. Notably, Pantoea sp.-inoculated plants under heat stress exhibited lipid profiles that were more similar to those of control plants, suggesting enhanced heat resilience. These results underscore the importance of specific plant\u2013microbe interactions in mitigating heat stress and highlight PGPB inoculation as a promising strategy to enhance crop performance and resilience under projected climate warming scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14162593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:18:14Z","timestamp":1755695894000},"page":"2593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maize Crops Under Rising Temperatures: Bacterial Influence on Biochemical and Lipidomic Changes Induced by Heat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2056-2479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1234-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7735-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gl\u00f3ria","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Bedia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), c\/Jordi Girona 18\u201324, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6763-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etelvina","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-013-0263-y","article-title":"Crops that feed the world 10. 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