{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T11:31:24Z","timestamp":1762515084388,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RE-C05-i03 Agenda de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o para a Sustentabilidade da Agricultura, Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Agroind\u00fastria","award":["RR-C05-i03-I-000161-LA1.2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR-C05-i03-I-000161-LA1.2"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04035\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04035\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Associated Laboratory LA-REAL and LIBPhys","award":["LA\/P\/0117\/2020","UIDB\/04559\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0117\/2020","UIDB\/04559\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability","award":["UIDB\/04551\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04551\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Plants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thirteen genotypes of durum wheat were grown in two different environments in Portugal. Grain and ash mineral profile, as well as protein content, test weight, and grain ash content were evaluated. Genotype, environment, and their interaction explains the variation in the quality traits, with the environment having the highest influence. Mineral profile analysis was performed by the \u03bc-EDXRF system: macroelements (K, P, Ca, Cl, and S) represented 99% of the total concentration detected in the grain samples, while microelements represented up to 2% of the total concentration when analyzing the ash samples (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Si, Rb, Sr, and Ti). Almost every element found in the grain and ash analysis was affected by the environment. Only K and Ca in the grain had higher concentrations in the environment with water scarcity, while the concentrations of all the detected elements except for Si and Sr were higher in the ashes in this environment. Regarding the genotype, P, S, and Cu grain concentrations were not affected by the environment. The highest grain mineral concentration was found for Ging\u00e3o, suggesting a better mineral uptake and\/or translocation-to-grain capacity. However, regarding the technological quality, most of the genotypes presented ash content values above the maximum specified threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14223414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T10:56:45Z","timestamp":1762513005000},"page":"3414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Durum Wheat Kernel: Influence of the Genotype and Environment on the Mineral Profile of Grains and Ashes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.\u2014Elvas, Estrada de Gil Vaz Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2807-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.\u2014Elvas, Estrada de Gil Vaz Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Dehesa (INDEHESA), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.\u2014Elvas, Estrada de Gil Vaz Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Center, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.\u2014Elvas, Estrada de Gil Vaz Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Center, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Armindo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.\u2014Elvas, Estrada de Gil Vaz Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"D\u00f4res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.P. Beja\/ESA\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Departamento de Bioci\u00eancias, Rua Pedro Soares, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2122-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Patanita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Center, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"I.P. Beja\/ESA\u2014Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Departamento de Bioci\u00eancias, Rua Pedro Soares, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3856-5157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benvindo","family":"Ma\u00e7\u00e3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.\u2014Elvas, Estrada de Gil Vaz Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Center, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Av. da Rep\u00fablica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8396-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys, LA-REAL, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6286-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBPhys, LA-REAL, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2430-6410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Bagulho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria, I.P.\u2014Elvas, Estrada de Gil Vaz Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal"},{"name":"GeoBiotec\u2014GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Center, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2017.11.001","article-title":"Current advances in genome sequencing of common wheat and its ancestral species","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crop. 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